Party knowledge and candidate knowledge: constituency campaigning and voting and the 1997 British General Election

There has been a recent resurgence of interest in the electoral impact of constituency campaigns in British General Elections. Much is now known about the electoral consequences of local campaigns on parties’ constituency vote shares. Yet more remains to be discovered about the impacts of these local campaigns on voters’ knowledge of parties and candidates. Analysis of data from the 1997 British General Election demonstrates that the local campaign is associated with improved voter knowledge of who is standing for each party in a constituency, which is, in its turn, associated with an increased chance of voting for the party in the election, other things being equal. Campaign efforts at different scales, from the national to the local, have different impacts on voters’ knowledge.     

计算机信息安全问题浅析

信息是一个国家政治、经济发展的支柱,在今后的信息时代中,恐怖主义活动或战争冲突,传统的武力威胁、战略压制等手段已不是唯一有效的方法,直接破坏一个国家的信息系统以及建立于其上的经济体系、军事指挥体系,能使整个国家经济瘫痪,对国家安全的威胁极为严重。提高对信息安全重要性的认识,增强防范意识,加强管理,采用法律手段和相关的网络安全防范措施及关键技术,是保证计算机信息安全的重要保证和前提条件。     

信息化与国家竞争力的关系——一个博弈论解释

国家竞争力由国家信息能力、国家策略能力、国家支付函数以乘和方式共同决定,即国家竞争力=国家信息能力×国家策略能力×国家支付函数.其中,国家的策略能力和支付函数在很大程度上依赖于国家的信息能力,故国家信息能力的提高往往能够带来国家竞争力的乘方倍的提高.因此,通过信息化来提升国家的信息能力,是提升国家综合竞争力的一条捷径.     

网络信息资源组织管理探讨

网络信息资源的管理主要包含信息环境的净化管理、信息资源优化配置管理和信息资源的安全管理,通过组织和管理的有机结合,实现信息空间的有序性和资源效用的最大化。     

Information Asymmetry and the Financial Consumer Protection Policy

As complex structure of financial products severely limits consumers' understanding and causes an information asymmetry, the need to protect financial consumers has been a target of heated debates. This study designs a game theory-based model and presents that the reason behind an inadequate advisory service by financial institutions is a combination of consumers' poor financial literacy and sellers' abuse of such weakness to pursue their own profits. Our model shows that when there is information asymmetry on both product characteristics and investment preference of financial consumers, having competing companies that offer substitute products is not enough to ensure a proper advisory service. Two measures may be considered to address this issue. The first measure would be voluntary market efforts to strengthen financial consumer's literacy and self-regulatory mechanism. The second measure would be to step up administrative regulations on financial product sellers in both ex-ante and ex-post mechanisms.     

网络平台个人信息处理格式条款的效力认定

近年来,以网络平台隐私政策中个人信息处理格式条款为诱因的侵权案件频发,引起学界的广泛关注。消解个人信息处理格式条款与知情权、解释权、被遗忘权、脱离自动化决策权保护冲突的关键是,对格式条款进行类型化处理,分别进行效力认定。网络平台未尽到提示说明义务,致使信息主体没有注意或者理解与其有重大利害关系的条款的,格式条款不应成为合同内容;格式条款显失公平的,信息主体可以请求法院予以撤销;格式条款符合我国《民法典》第497条规定之情形的,应认定为无效;“主要权利”的认定,在考虑合同内容的同时,应奉行合同性质决定论;以“理性人”构建网络平台的解释义务标准,力争在保障网络平台健康发展的同时,切实维护信息主体的个人信息权。     

“Personal information of privacy nature” under Chinese Civil Code

Chinese Civil Code separates the civil right to privacy and the civil interest of personal information through the proposal of the PIPN in Article 1034, which constructs a different model from both EU and US. Although this distinction is of great significance, it brings potential problems, too. The PIPN is a kind of personal information which is unwilling to be known to others with privacy nature, which can be defined through a method of combining basic definition plus enumerations. It is recommended to consider the context and purpose of processing personal information when deciding the PIPN, and the level of privateness, availability, risk and identifiability will be considered to the privacy test. Based on Chinese reality, ID number, biometric information, financial information should be list as the typical kinds of the PIPN in the future legislation.     

被保险人故意犯罪致保险事故发生的法律后果--从公共政策的角度分析

保险领域中,公共政策要求“一个人不能从自己的犯罪中获利”,但须区分“一个人不能从他人的犯罪中获利”之情形。被保险人故意犯罪致保险事故发生,应视保险目的与功能而异其法律后果:若被保险人因预谋犯罪而直接谋求保险金,保险人当然免责;若被保险人在投保二年后故意犯罪致保险事故发生,则保险人虽不负给付保险金之责,但应退还保险单的现金价值;若故意犯罪并非保险事故发生的直接原因,保险人不能当然免责。     

论系列杀人案件的信息披露工作

侦查工作的成败,很大程度上取决于案件信息占有量和信息利用程度。系列杀人案件的社会危害性大,侦查难度大,必须正确地串并案件,充分利用已掌握的信息,结合对犯罪嫌疑人进行的犯罪心理画像,通过适当的案件信息披露方式来发动群众协助破案,并警示群众自我防护。     

俄罗斯卢布汇率安排的经济效应分析

俄罗斯转型时期的宏观经济波动与汇率制度安排之间存在着密切的关系.本文在评述新兴市场经济国家汇率制度选择困境和概述俄罗斯汇率制度演变的基础上,从汇率与通货膨胀、汇率与对外贸易、汇率与资本流入、汇率与外债规模结构变动等方面分析了汇率制度安排及汇率变动的宏观经济效应,并简要总结了俄罗斯的实践对中国的启示.