论网络环境下图书馆的“能本管理”

网络环境下图书馆实施“能本管理,”对于充分发挥每个馆员的潜能,实现图书馆可持续发展,是十分重要的。在图书馆各项管理工作中体现“以能为本”基本原则,进行“以能为本”工作实践,对于图书馆未来的发展具有积极意义。     

论“附保护第三人作用的契约”

自德国产生“附保护第三人作用的契约”以来,其在德国的判例与学说中不断发展、繁荣。我国现也有不少学者在对其加以研究。其中最困难之处在于如何解释“附保护第三人作用的契约”与“债权相对性”之矛盾。笔者从契约效力根源的角度提出“系统契约论”,解释了“附保护第三人作用的契约”之理论根基,认为我国应引进此制度,并将其继续应用到“附保护第三人作用的契约”的构成要件、法律效果、与侵权法之边界等问题,也附带地以“系统契约论”解释了契约法上之其他问题。     

试论刑案现场的犯罪信息

近年来,犯罪分子作案水平不断提高,主动有意识地破坏犯罪现场等反侦查现象正不断出现,而传统的现场勘查工作思路主要是注重对现场有限的有形痕迹物证进行提取和鉴定,这也是当前公安机关因现场提取不到有用的痕迹物证而导致一些案件难以侦破的重要原因之一。犯罪现场所寓含的犯罪信息十分丰富,除了那些有形的痕迹物证外,还包括很多潜在的隐性犯罪信息。获取犯罪现场的犯罪信息需要利用先进的科学仪器设备,更需要发挥人的主观能动性。     

To Give or Not to Give: Modeling Individuals' Contribution Decisions

Employing data from a recent national survey on campaign finance, we examine the contribution behavior of individual citizens in the 2000 election. By disaggregating types of contributions, our model enables us to observe potential heterogeneity in the determinants of giving money to parties and candidates. We find that for both types of contributions, the effects of informational resources and solicitation on the decision to contribute outweigh those of financial resources. In addition, we propose both a theoretical and an empirical distinction between the selection effects of solicitation and the stimulus effects of solicitation. By distinguishing between these dual dimensions of solicitation, our analysis provides new insight into the causal linkages between income, solicitation, and contributions. We find that while solicitation increases the likelihood of contributing through selective targeting or rational prospecting, it also does so through a stimulus mechanism.     

西部地区信息资源生产能力制约因素分析

目前,西部地区的信息生产能力明显落后于全国平均水平。其中最为关键的制约因素,或者说对今后西部地区信息资源的生产起主导性作用的因素在于:数据库生产能力和多媒体文献资源的生产能力。     

论当前我国公安机关信息系统建设

公安信息系统是以公安专用计算机网络为依托 ,以应用系统支持平台为支撑 ,以公安业务工作信息共享为目标的。目前我国公安机关在信息系统建设中还存在不少问题 ,解决的方法是需建立高速、稳定、安全的宽带计算机网络 ,建设集中的大型数据库信息中心和集中控制的“单一平台”系统     

Assessing Stability and Change in Criminal Offending: A Comparison of Random Effects, Semiparametric, and Fixed Effects Modeling Strategies

An important theoretical problem for criminologists is an explanation forthe robust positive correlation between prior and future criminaloffending. Nagin and Paternoster (1991) have suggested that the correlationcould be due to time-stable population differences in the underlyingproneness to commit crimes (population heterogeneity) and/or thecriminogenic effect that crime has on social bonds, conventionalattachments, and the like (state dependence). Because of data andmeasurement limitations, the disentangling of population heterogeneityand state dependence requires that researchers control for unmeasuredpersistent heterogeneity. Frequently, random effects probit models havebeen employed, which, while user-friendly, make a strong parametricassumption that the unobserved heterogeneity in the population follows anormal distribution. Although semiparametric alternatives to the randomeffects probit model have recently appeared in the literature to avoid thisproblem, in this paper we return to reconsider the fully parametric model. Viasimulation evidence, we first show that the random effects probit modelproduces biased estimates as the departure of heterogeneity from normalitybecomes more substantial. Using the 1958 Philadelphia cohort data, we thencompare the results from a random effects probit model with a semiparametricprobit model and a fixed effects logit model that makes no assumptions aboutthe distribution of unobserved heterogeneity. We found that with this dataset all three models converged on the same substantive result—evenafter controlling for unobserved persistent heterogeneity, with models thattreat the unobserved heterogeneity very differently, prior conduct had apronounced effect on subsequent offending. These results are inconsistentwith a model that attributes all of the positive correlation between priorand future offending to differences in criminal propensity. Sinceresearchers will often be completely blind with respect to the tenabilityof the normality assumption, we conclude that different estimationstrategies should be brought to bear on the data.     

大数据时代日本个人信息保护法探究

个人信息本来是极其隐私的事物,在大数据时代却时刻处于"裸奔"状态,时刻面临被侵犯的风险。特别在新冠肺炎疫情防控中,大数据技术发挥了重要作用,个人信息保护再次引起关注。整体而言,日本个人信息保护法以"个人优先"与"公共优先"的宗旨博弈为出发点,以"个人信息"的概念界定为基础,以个人信息权的保护为核心,以个人信息保护机构的独立设置为落脚点,为个人信息的保护奠定了基础。我国应当积极行动起来,尽快颁布《个人信息保护法》,助力大数据时代个人信息保护和数字经济的发展。     

知情权与信息获取权——以英美为比较法基础的概念界分

知情权与信息获取权是两个不同的概念,在我国行政法学界有被混淆的倾向。以英美为基础的比较法视野看,两者在逻辑结构、规范表述和制度印证层面,都有着不同的特质。这对概念的界分,已然构成其信息自由立法理念的奠基。以此来反思概念混淆对我国现行《政府信息公开条例》在规范结构、立法理念和制度建构中的可能影响。并以概念界分为契机,指向未来更为完善的政府信息公开立法。     

行政行为对民事审判的拘束效力研究

在民事诉讼中,民事争议与行政争议交叉处理问题实质上是行政行为对民事审判的拘束效力问题。通过分析其成因及借鉴域外之经验,可以找到解决这一问题的思路：首先要判断该行政行为是否构成＂先决问题＂,即行政行为是否具有先决性,是否是尚未发生形式确定力的非无效行政行为。在构成＂先决问题＂的前提下,以行政行为对私法关系的作用效果为依据确定民事审判权的审查限度,即对确认性行政行为、形成性行政行为、裁决性行政行为分别适用民事先行、先行后民、行政附带的司法审查机制。