警方线人及其法律规制

作为侦查机关控制的搜集与提供犯罪信息的隐蔽力量,警方线人在侦破有组织犯罪、恐怖犯罪等特定案件中发挥了不可替代的作用。然而,对警方线人法律规制上的欠缺,加之侦查机关在使用线人侦查中也疏于规范和管理,线人侦查中暴露出许多亟待解决的问题。总结我国刑事侦查中的实践经验,借鉴外国的立法,建立与完善我国的警方线人制度已成为刑事侦查制度改革的一个重要课题。     

论上海公安教育训练工作的信息化建设

公安教育训练工作中的信息化建设对培养高素质的公安人才、开展有效的教育训练活动、提高管理水平和工作效率都具有巨大的促进作用。与“培训”、“师资”、“考试”和“远程教育”相关的四个管理信息系统是支撑起上海公安教育训练工作信息平台的四根坚实支柱。     

How Accurate Are Survey Responses on Social Media and Politics?

How accurate are survey-based measures of social media use, in particular about political topics? We answer this question by linking original survey data collected during the U.S. 2016 election campaign with respondents’ observed social media activity. We use supervised machine learning to classify whether these Twitter and Facebook account data are content related to politics. We then benchmark our survey measures on frequency of posting about politics and the number of political figures followed. We find that, on average, our self-reported survey measures tend to correlate with observed social media activity. At the same time, we also find a worrying amount of individual-level discrepancy and problems related to extreme outliers. Our recommendations are twofold. The first is for survey questions about social media use to provide respondents with options covering a wider range of activity, especially in the long tail. The second is for survey questions to include specific content and anchors defining what it means for a post to be “about politics.”     

硒对汞致雏鸡肝功能损伤的拮抗作用

选用健康伊沙褐雏鸡250只,分为对照组、汞中毒组、3个水平的硒保护组,研究汞对血清中门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)、丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、肝组织中谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性和丙二醛(MDA)含量的影响以及硒与汞之间的相互作用效应.试验结果表明,汞可使血清中AST、ALT、ALP活性显著升高(P＜0.01),使肝组织中GSH-Px活性降低(P＜0.01),引发肝组织脂质过氧化,致使肝组织中MDA含量显著增高(P＜0.01),且有时间-效应关系;硒可使血清中AST、ALT、ALP活性显著降低(P＜0.01),使肝组织中GSH-Px活性显著升高(P＜0.01),阻止肝组织脂质过氧化,致使肝组织中MDA含量显著降低(P＜0.01),且有时间-效应关系.从而说明汞中毒损伤肝功能;硒对汞致肝功能的损伤具有拮抗作用.     

The association between Ugandan adolescents’ viewing of specific television genres and sex-related normative beliefs and behaviours

Growing evidence in Western nations indicates that exposure to high levels of sexual media content influences adolescents’ sexual attitudes and behaviours in those countries. Although media in many sub-Saharan markets contain increasingly higher levels of sexual content, little research has investigated the effects of that content on adolescents’ HIV-related risk and protective behaviours. This project used cultivation theory to examine Ugandan adolescents’ media use, and to test the relationship between their exposure to specific television genres and their sex-related normative beliefs and behaviours. Three hundred and sixty secondary school students from four purposively sampled schools filled out a questionnaire about their television viewing, their beliefs about the prevalence of sexual intercourse among their peers, and their own sexual behaviours. Preliminary evidence of relationships between watching comedy and cartoon programming, and high estimates of the proportion of adolescents who engage in sexual intercourse, were observed. Watching comedy programming and non- African programming was associated with the higher likelihood to have ever had sexual intercourse.     

应对新冠肺炎疫情的几个法律问题

新冠肺炎以特定的含义和名称进入国家和联合国法律文件.中国抗击新冠肺炎的成功经验与研究成果可供世界借鉴.筛选中医药有效经方治疗新冠肺炎是克敌制胜之举,需要依法保护中国国药和传统医学知识宝库.要通过立法禁止非法猎捕、交易、运输和食用野生动物,严惩此类犯罪行为.新冠肺炎疫情防控需要全国合力制胜,政府要及时准确地向社会发布和披露疫情防控信息,执法机关要依据谣言制造者和传播者情节轻重予以惩处,司法机关要依据刑事犯罪人情节轻重定罪量刑.     

Why bother campaigning? Campaign effectiveness in the 2009 European Parliament elections

This paper explores the effectiveness of European Parliament candidates' campaigns. We analyze the relationship between candidates' spending and their likelihood of success, controlling for a range of relevant co-varying factors. We then investigate whether the effects of electoral spending are conditioned by two variables: ballot design and incumbency. We find that, ceteris paribus, spending was positively related to a candidate's likelihood of electoral success in the 2009 campaign, though this effect is small in scale. We also reveal that the electorally positive effects of spending are observable across both 'party-centered' and ‘candidate-centered’ ballot structures, and that there is some evidence that incumbent spending is less effective than challenger spending.     

Individual level dynamics of PTV change across the electoral cycle

Propensity-to-vote (PTV) scores are ever more commonly used in electoral research as a measure of electoral utilities. Yet a growing literature employs them as dependent variable in the voting equation in place of the lower information granted by vote recall questions. However, this choice can be seen as problematic because of the very structure of election survey research. To the extent that voters' PTVs are measured in post-election surveys (as it is often the case) these are likely to result endogenously produced by actual voting behavior in the past election – thus partly undermining the validity of the PTV question which, ideally, should not be related to any specific election. In this paper, we try to disentangle the relationship between short-term political attitudes (leader evaluations, issue proximity, economic assessments) and voters' changing patterns of propensities to vote in both an electoral and a non-electoral context. The latter scenario serves as a means to rule out the potentially contaminating effect of voting choices on voters' PTVs. The data comes from two panel surveys of Italian voters conducted by ITANES in occasion of the 2006 general election, and in 2011 (that is, in a non-electoral year) respectively.     

Fracture Characteristics of Entrapped Head Impacts Versus Controlled Head Drops in Infant Porcine Specimens,,

In many forensic cases, the job of forensic pathologists and anthropologists is to determine whether pediatric death is due to an abusive act or an accidental fall. The goal of this study was to compare the cranial fracture patterns generated on the parietal bone of a developing, infant porcine (pig, Sus scrofa) model by a controlled energy head drop onto a plate versus previous data generated by blunt force impact at the same energy onto the head constrained to a plate. The results showed that blunt force impacts on a head constrained to a rigid plate produces more fracture, but the same general pattern, as that for a head dropped onto the plate with the same level of impact energy. The study suggests that head constraint may be an important factor to consider in the evaluation of death causation for blunt force impacts to the pediatric skull.     

European national news

The regular article tracking developments at the national level in key European countries in the area of IT and communications – co-ordinated by Herbert Smith LLP and contributed to by firms across Europe. This column provides a concise alerting service of important national developments in key European countries. Part of its purpose is to compliment the Journal's feature articles and briefing notes by keeping readers abreast of what is currently happening “on the ground” at a national level in implementing EU level legislation and international conventions and treaties. Where an item of European National News is of particular significance, CLSR may also cover it in more detail in the current or a subsequent edition.