基于网络媒介的突发性公共危机信息传播仿真和管理对策研究

危机信息的健康传播在突发性公共危机管理中至关重要。为了研究突发性公共危机信息在网络环境中传播的特征,本文以复杂适应系统理论为指导,利用多主体建模方法,基于Repast平台模拟突发性公共危机信息在网络媒介中的传播过程。通过模型仿真我们发现突发性公共危机在网络环境中传播的生命周期现象和群极化现象;并且分析比较了各主体属性在不同参数值下的演化结果,探寻危机信息传播的有效方法,为政府如何应对危机管理提供决策支持,以期有效控制突发性公共危机信息在网络环境的恶性传播。     

中日农业剩余劳动力转移制度环境比较分析

中国目前正处于"三农问题"的攻坚阶段,2007年两会期间"三农问题"仍被视为当前最迫切的任务,其核心层次就是推进农业剩余劳动力向城镇的非农产业转移,而传统的制度构架已经构成现实转移的羁绊。与世界其他发达国家农业劳动力转移的进程相比,战后日本以最快的速度实现了农业劳动力向非农产业的转移,而这一过程的实现源于其有效的转移制度环境。为此,有必要运用比较的研究方法,探寻更为有效的制度化方案。分析结果表明中日农业剩余劳动力转移所处的制度环境既存在相似之处亦存在实质性的差异,土地产权的明晰化、逐步弱化、取消户籍制度在城乡间的屏障作用、实现教育公平将为"三农问题"正本清源。     

海峡两岸环境犯罪之比较研究

随着全球环境问题的日益突出,各国各地区无不开始重视以刑罚手段惩治危害环境的行为。我国大陆刑法中规定了１４ 种环境犯罪, 而台湾地区则在刑事、经济、行政法律中共规定了１８ 种环境犯罪。对于这些犯罪, 大陆和台湾地区的法律规定在构成要件方面、处罚方式和程度方面, 均存在差异。本文在进行比较的基础上, 就完善我国大陆环境犯罪立法提出了一些思考。     

英美法系国家环境刑法与环境犯罪探究

一些环境保护先进国家, 如美国、德国、日本等,自 ２０世纪 ５０年代先后以刑法典、单行刑法和附属刑法的方式加强对环境犯罪的制裁。国际社会为保护人类环境加强国际间的协作亦付出了较大的努力。而属于普通法系判例法的国家．其制裁环境犯罪的突出特点,就是采用附属刑法的方式规定环境刑罚条款,使各类环境刑罚条款皆寄生于行政法之内。     

环境保护行政合同基本问题研究(上)

环境保护行政合同制度是市场经济发达国家普遍采用的一项环境保护和契约行政制度。为了执行环境保护法的规定和完成流域或行政区域环境保护的目标,有必要对环境保护行政合同的缔约根据、缔约目的、主要内容、法律效力、合同的变更和解除及其他的基本问题进行全面、深入的研究。     

How democratic decentralisation facilitates,sustains, and interrupts market-driven development in India

Democratic decentralisation has emerged as an instrument to implement market-driven development, and elected bodies now extend commercial inputs for commodity production and link households to firms. However, the nature of market-driven development under this condition is understudied. This article focuses on an Indian case where, while access to market inputs was shaped by political capital with elected leaders, narrowing market participation, leaders – now market intermediaries – fostered trust in firms, helping sustain market participation. Conflicts over electoral politics interrupted market production. Markets rely on state institutions and are intertwined with politics, contrary to market proponents’ claims that markets stand above society and are unmediated spaces of exchange.     

Climate change research in bilateral development programmes: experiences from India and Peru

This article reflects on the merits and shortfalls of bilateral research programmes aimed at strengthening climate change research capabilities, using the experience from two programmes, the PACC and IHCAP in Peru and India, respectively. The study highlights key aspects of these types of bilateral programmes, namely: capacity; performance, salary and appreciation; funding; bureaucracy and hierarchy; publishing; and data sharing. Furthermore, it emerged that these programmes would benefit from a more extensive consolidation phase of the research activities and partnership rather than rapidly transferring into out- and up-scaling phases.     

Participatory modelling and development practice: artisanal fishers in Nicaragua

Development plans with insufficient knowledge about local realities, and that do not share technical or planning details with the target communities, bedevil development practice. This study used a form of participatory modelling in three fishing communities in Nicaragua to enable fishers to explore their economy and the potential impacts of fishery-based development projects. Co-designing a model of the fishing economy in the form of a board game created a forum in which facilitators and participants could arrive at a shared understanding of local fishing practices and the costs and benefits of strategies for addressing the fishers’ priorities.     

制度选择的逻辑——我国食品安全监管体制的演变

运用戴维斯和诺斯有关制度变迁的理论,结合我国的公共行政实践,构建了一个食品安全监管体制变迁的解释框架,并且利用这一解释框架提供的视角,对我国食品安全监管体制制度变迁过程中的逻辑进行分析.认为,在食品安全体制的演变过程中,制度变迁的收益与成本的考量是其背后的支配性因素,制度环境所提供的机遇窗口使制度变革得以可能,外部性与部门机会主义行为是制度变革的主要关注点,而路径依赖是制度变革的重要约束力量. 可以预期,我国食品安全监管体制的未来演变方向,将是制定更加完善的食品安全法律规范体系,更加清晰地界定监管部门之间的权责配置,从而降低监管的外部性;将监管权限恰当集中,减少监管部门的数量,从而降低协调的成本,尽量避免机会主义行为;建立起更加强势的部门间协调机构,甚至在国家层面设立专门的食品安全委员会;引入政府之外的力量,比如行业协会、消费者权益保护团体以及其他的一些民间团体,建立起所谓的"火警"机制,以补充由政府主导的食品安全监管体制.     

Analysing pig traders in Uganda: sampling issues,marketing activities,and constraint analysis

An integral part of the pig and pork value chain in Uganda is trader activity. This article reports on a study that quantifies the nature of these traders in Mukono district, a major pig and pork marketing site adjacent to Kampala, Uganda. Little guidance is available from the literature about the sampling of traders for this kind of research, and the second task addressed by this study is to test sampling mechanisms and report on their influence on the statistical results generated. Different sources of sampling frame provided different samples, with some limited overlap. The two samples exhibited distinctly different profiles of traders.