日本传统风险投资模式形成的历史考察:以“VC宪章”为中心

在发展主义的政策范式下,为了能使民间风险投资公司的成立合法化,且又要遵守垄断禁止法禁止成立持股公司的原则,并防止与中小企业政策产生矛盾,日本公平委员会采取了折中的方案,出台了"VC宪章"。"VC宪章"使日本大金融机构、大企业出资成立风险投资公司成为可能,并为风险投资三方主体间的交易提供了治理框架,约束了风险投资机构的投资行为,成为了日本传统风险投资模式的制度起点。     

积极促进我国制度优势转化为治理效能

中国特色社会主义制度和国家治理体系具有无比优势,但制度优势还有待于转化为治理效能,治理能力还有待于进一步提高。实现现代化,当务之急是积极促进我国制度优势转化为治理效能。为此,应当加强和改善党对制度优势转化为治理效能的领导,各级党组织要充分认识和高度重视把制度优势转化为治理效能的重大意义,坚决贯彻党集中统一领导的各项制度,确保治理工作始终坚持正确的方向;应当充分发挥人民在制度优势转化为治理效能中的主体作用,完善人民代表大会组织制度和工作制度、立法和决定功能、监督功能,充分发挥共产党领导的多党合作和政治协商制度、基层群众自治制度的作用;应当改革和创新治理的体制机制,优化行政决策体制机制,强化行政执行体制机制,加强责任追究制度,健全行政执法责任制;应当优化政府职责体系和行政监管督察体制机制,加强决策监督、执行监管督察、效能监管督察,实现监督督察的制度化、程序化;应当正确处理和理顺各种治理关系,特别是政府和市场的关系、中央和地方关系、各行政部门之间的关系;应当强化各级领导干部的制度意识,不断提高其治理能力。     

The decline of a model? Challenge and response in the Italian industrial districts

The article presents an extensive critical review of recent debates on the restructuring of Italian industrial districts in the 1990s. It shows that, despite consensus on the empirical 'facts' of district restructuring, there remains extensive disagreement over appropriate public policies. This debate fundamentally turns on analysts' interpretations of how, or indeed whether, strong institutions and localized subcultures allow territorial networks of small firms to compete successfully with larger and more highly capitalized multinational corporations. But perhaps the most crucial and contentious issues are questions about the past adequacy of the districts' regulatory and service institutions in overcoming structural difficulties of the model, and, more importantly, about further innovations that may be required given recent changes in the external economic context.     

Making Institutions in Central and Eastern Europe,and the Impact of Europe

The end of communism in Central and Eastern Europe offered the region a unique opportunity for institutional redesign. Thanks to the variety of historical experiences, inherited structures, transition paths and deal sweeteners during the round-table talks, post-communist Europe initially witnessed much institutional diversity. Throughout the course of the past decade, however, there has been a notable convergence of institutional designs across the region. The process of convergence has been, in part, a response to domestic political concerns, but the demands of the European Union have also played a role. This article plots the course of institutional development in the region, outlining some of the major cases of institutional redesign and highlighting both the positive and negative impact of 'Europe' on the process.     

The state and civil society in transition: the role of non-governmental organizations in South Korea

This paper presents a framework of the interdependence of various sectors of society and then investigates the development and current status of the civil society sector, specifically the growth of NGOs in South Korea. Recent years have witnessed an increase in public awareness where civil societies have begun challenging states in addressing public issues. The directive state intervention following the Korean War disallowed for a strong civil society, thus restraining the development of significant non-state actors. The 1987 Democratization Movement marked an increase in the activity of NGOs and also the provision of a pathway for citizens to begin engaging in social activity. The repressive apparatus of the state has weakened allowing Korean NGOs to mature in dealing with diverse social issues in the public domain. They have extended the scope of policy-related activities to ensure an environment conducive to the enlargement of public space and the expansion of citizens’ rights. The results of this study indicate that the growth of NGOs is both the result of the demise of authoritarian regimes and further stimulus to the transition solidifying democracy. The challenges for Korean NGOs will be to ply strategic roles as partners of the state in the transitional period.     

Designing property rights for water: mediating market,government, and corporation failures

Recent decades have seen an acceleration in public concern about the allocation of increasingly scarce water supplies. There are many reasons for this concern, such as growth in urban populations. In this article, we focus on how surface water’s special qualities (the combination of spillovers, rent-seeking behavior, and common pool resources) complicate the assignment of property rights in any legal framework. These characteristics make specific market structures necessary in order to efficiently allocate rights. The state usually designs those structures. Yet, just like markets can fail, so can governments fail to effectively allocate those rights. So designers often turn to quasi-judicial conservancy boards as a second-best solution. We argue that those boards may themselves fail through a form of “corporation failure.” We address these three types of failures, and offer an analysis of two cases that suggests that the likelihood conservancy boards will suffer from corporate failure depends on the actions of the boards and outside stakeholders (like governments).

中国政府改革的过去与未来

30年来,中国经济社会迅速发展和变化,这对于政府改革提出了一系列的要求.在这一背景下,中国政府在职能转变、机构改革以及法治政府建设、监督考核问责制度等方面,进行了持续的变革,并取得了阶段性的成果.今后随着经济和社会的继续发展和变化,政府职能依然需要进一步转变,机构改革需要进一步进行,法治政府和监督考核问责制度也需要进一步努力,并且这些都面临着多方面的挑战.进一步的努力,需要认真对待这些挑战,在理论上和实践上解放思想,都需要有新的突破.     

中国社团管理:制度安排、职能协调与影响力

不同的制度安排会产生不同的制度安排结果。中国社会团体发展的实践表明,双重管理体制和分级管辖体制的制度安排决定着中国社团发展的规模与影响。通过政策性协调与事务性协调,更强化了对中国社团的控制与规范。中国社团管理存在的诸多问题,一方面要求完善双重管理体制和分级管辖体制,另一方面需要大力培育和引导社团自主地发展,从而形成政府、市场与社会三者有机组合的和谐局面,促进中国社会现代化进程。     

从新制度经济学角度看晚清近代警政的创建

中国近代意义上的警政建设与发展已逾百年。近年来,史学界对中国近代警政方面的研究渐趋活跃,内容涉及近代警政建设的各个方面。本文通过对晚清时期中国近代警政建设与发展的历史轨迹的描述,运用新制度经济学的观点,从制度变迁的角度阐述了晚清时期中国近代警政的创建过程。     

当代市民社会发展的自觉与自发

对于一个社会而言,经济、科技的发展是一方面,而促使社会稳定的另一方面就是其伦理道德建设。当代社会发展中的自觉应定位于致力解决经济问题和道德问题的制度伦理上,将一种个人自觉发展为社会自觉,通过全社会的伦理精神来确保社会的稳定、和谐发展。