社会养老保险：理论导向与制度安排

社会养老保险的理论导向直接关系着养老制度的完善和落实,从实物形态上看,养老制度永远只能是现收现付制,个人账户只是名义账户,做实个人账户是徒劳无功的举措。扩展养老保险覆盖面可采取推行养老券的做法,该券具有税票和债券的双重特征。领取养老金要严格退休年龄标准,可适当降低缴费年限,养老金的发放要充分体现公平原则,应与缴费年限挂钩。     

论显失公平的民事行为

不论是在《民法通则》中 ,还是在《合同法》中 ,均将显失公平规定为民事法律关系中当事人可以行使变更或撤销申请权的法定情形之一。构成显失公平民事行为的情形共有两种 :一是一方当事人利用优势 ;二是一方当事人利用对方没有经验。笔者针对这两种情况进行了分析并提出了一些看法与建议。     

中国西部地区的体育资源开发--云南省体育资源开发的启示

体育产业作为新兴朝阳产业 ,有着广阔的发展前景 ,在西部大开发中 ,应充分认识开发体育产业的重要意义。云南省体育资源开发已有了一个良好的开端 ,其发展战略、发展路径、发展目标和产业运作等都有一些成功的经验和失误的教训 ,这对中国西部地区乃至更大范围内将会产生一定的启示。     

What They Do Does Matter: Incumbent Resource Allocations and the Individual House Vote

It is reasonable to presume that House incumbents through their behaviors and resource allocations (e.g., trips home, staff, etc.) are responsible for their electoral success. The empirical case for the resource allocation hypothesis, however, rests primarily upon the support of a few experimental design studies. The remainder of the evidence from 25 years of tests of this hypothesis, at the district and individual-levels, is littered with null findings. Scholars suggest two methodological obstructions hinder alternative hypothesis findings: simultaneity bias (in district and individual-level studies), and restricted variance on the allocation measures (in individual-level studies). In this investigation I apply methodological remedies for these hindrances-nonrecursive analyses on a pooled (1960–1976) NES elections data set. I uncover the strongest evidence yet that incumbents benefit electorally from their resource allocations (here: bills sponsored and cosponsored, staff, and district offices). In addition to this main result, I also discuss the influence generational replacement has on resource allocations and the vote.

诺思的制度演化理论及其特点

目前,我国学术界对诺思的制度变迁理论的研究大都集中在诺思的新古典经济学的比较静态的分析框架上,而忽视了他的制度变迁理论的新发展,有的甚至得出了一些错误的结论。实际上,诺思(1990)以后从修改新古典经济学的行为假设出发,重点讨论了个体选择和集体学习的认知心理和行为,进而考察了时间维度中认知对制度变迁和经济绩效的影响,由此逐渐提炼出他的制度变迁的演化理论。这种基于个体心理的制度分析试图整合了认知心理学、制度经济学的方法和哈耶克等人的制度演化理论,可能形成一个前景看好的“行为制度理论”。     

Speaking the Unspeakable,Naming the Unnameable: The Royal Commission into Institutional Responses to Child Sexual Abuse

ABSTRACT

The establishment of the Royal Commission into Institutional Responses to Child Sexual Abuse followed years of lobbying by survivor groups, damning findings from previous inquiries, and increasing societal recognition of the often lifelong and intergenerational damage caused by child sexual abuse. Through extensive media coverage, the Royal Commission brought into public view the reality that the sexual abuse of children was widespread, and its recommendations are prompting organisational, policy, and legislative reform. This article explores the background to the Royal Commission, situating it within the history of previous inquiries and growing community outrage at the failure of institutions to adequately protect children and respond appropriately when abuse occurs. The article explores the ways in which the Royal Commission, more so than previous inquiries, brought child sexual abuse into public discourse. It also serves as an introduction to this special issue of the Journal of Australian Studies, which illustrates how the Royal Commission has fostered new scholarship across a range of disciplines as researchers engage with complex issues related to institutional child sexual abuse, its history, causes, impacts, and the important role of inquiries in confronting it.     

国际制度视角下“一带一路”与大欧亚伙伴关系的对接

中俄所提出的两大倡议分别代表了各自在国际制度竞争有所加剧背景下的本国利益需求。二者都以拓宽欧亚经济合作渠道为首要目标,但是它们在原则、方向、手段等方面的差异是相互关系的不利因素。为了协调国际规则的制定,中俄确定对接两大倡议。一方面,中俄两国希望通过制度合作制衡美国霸权;另一方面,中俄在欧亚地区的一致性和冲突性并存,双方需要一个协调关系的制度框架。中俄两国既有以制度合作在国际体系层面应对美国压力的意图,也希望在地区范围内协调彼此关系。两大倡议的对接将增强国际社会新兴力量在国际制度体系构建和全球治理中的影响力,同时也能化解中俄双方潜在的矛盾,推动欧亚区域合作的进程。     

政治安全问题的微观根源：基于制度与生活逻辑的分析

经济社会的深刻转型与风险社会的渐趋深化，渐次引发了现代理性对传统制度价值的撕裂式解构“，生活的政治”日渐进入民众的日常生活体验中。基于宏观层面的分析视角已然无法有效概括、诠释乃至应对政治安全话语体系中的诸多问题，由此引发的理论迷思与实践困境启示我们应突破国家与社会的实体论和二元对立思想，打通从国家逻辑的宏大叙事到生活逻辑的日常叙事之间的壁障，从而在对政治安全制度逻辑的分析过程中，建构一个基于微观层面的替代性分析框架。制度的失场、僵化以及制度间的抵牾，都会成为政治安全问题衍生的结构性根源，应基于对制度与生活逻辑的细致观察而探寻政治安全实现与维系的微观基础。     

Tax Disputes under Institutional Instability: Theory and Implications

This article aims to offer the first structural analysis of tax disputes under institutional instability using a core element of the international tax regime as an example. It offers a theory grounded on Mancur Olson's seminal contribution to group dynamics, the logic of collective action. It also suggests implications of this theory that might help to address key enforcement issues faced by the international tax regime in a frequent context worldwide: institutionally unstable countries.     

翻转课堂教学模式的优势与应用挑战

随着课堂教学模式类型的日新月异、丰富新颖,适合学生与教师课堂学习和教学的课堂教学模式层出不群,翻转课堂教学模式应运而生。对翻转课堂教学模式的优势与应用挑战进行探讨很有必要。