制度安排的伦理考量

任何制度都是一种规则或规范的安排 ,一种人类的理性选择。这种安排和选择决定于生产力的性质和发展水平 ,同时 ,也是制度的进化和变革的过程。一部社会制度的变迁史 ,就是不断引入新的规则与规范、新的合作与竞争、新的利益关系和利益选择的创新发展史。这其中伴随着人们对正义、平等等价值的追求 ,以及制度安排的伦理考量     

两种制度经济学范式中的意识形态理论:分歧与根源

作为制度经济学的两种范式,新制度经济学和马克思经济学的意识形态理论在意识形态的本质和功能、意识形态的根源与变迁、意识形态与制度变迁的关系、意识形态的未来归宿等方面存在着明显的分歧。整体来看,马克思的分析框架迄今仍是最有说服力的。这些分歧的根源是方法论:以诺思为代表的新制度经济学的传统方法论是制度个体主义和建构理性主义;而马克思的制度经济学的方法论是制度整体主义与制度个体主义的统一、演进理性主义与建构理性主义的统一。     

行政问责：运行程序与制度模型

行政问责是对政府责任进行全面追究的一种监督机制。在日渐明晰的内涵、要素与功能的基础上,行政问责的规范效应的发挥与制度价值的实现最终有赖于一整套精确完备且有较强操作性的运行程序和制度模型,并实现行政性问责向程序性问责的实质性转变。根据我国现有的制度基础与行政生态,行政问责的制度模型应当包含行政失范行为的发现、政府责任的解释与评估、政府责任的追究以及行政问责的救济等若干运行环节。     

制度摩擦何以影响中国预算变迁? ——基于1992—2019年的中国预算变迁数据的实证研究

【问题】间断-均衡预算理论通过美国、欧洲等不同国家的联邦、州与地方政府的预算变迁得到检验,该理论对于中国政策过程和预算过程的适用性如何?制度摩擦假设是否能解释预算变迁的间断性?政治周期是否为替代性假设?【方法】论文通过利用1992—2019年的全国、中央和地方预决算数据,利用正态性检验、L-K值等计算方法实证分析了中国预决算变迁的间断性情况。除此之外,论文还采用了固定效应模型分析了政治周期对预算变迁间断性的影响。【发现】研究发现中国预算变迁遵循间断性逻辑,制度摩擦也是导致间断性差异的重要变量,其中所得税收入分享改革作为制度摩擦的代理变量对中央政府预算间断性的影响更为显著。为了检验间断性的政治周期替代性假设,通过比较党代会周期和中央领导人更替周期的间断性,发现政治周期对预算变迁并没有太明显的影响。【贡献】中国的预算变迁为间断-均衡预算理论提供了新的经验证据,这进一步证明了“一般间断假设”和“公共预算的一般经验法则”,从而为理论的外部有效性提供了更多证据。而制度摩擦和政治周期假设的检验为中国预算变迁的间断性提供了更明确的解释。     

机构持股是否影响了信息传递延迟度？

本文探讨了中国A股市场中机构持股度与信息延迟度之间的关系。采用Hou与Moskowitz（2005）提出的信息延迟指标作为信息传递速度的度量,在季度数据下,发现机构持股会显著增加信息延迟度,然后在模型中加入机构持股度的一期滞后项,发现其系数显著为负,这说明前一期的机构持股比例对当期的信息延迟度有反向效应。在根据股权分置改革将样本划分为两个子期间以及基于年度的检验中,我们发现这一结论依然是稳健的。     

制度创新与科学发展观基本路径依赖探析

制度创新是学习实践科学发展的基本路径依赖,只有不断推进制度创新,才能真正把科学发展观的精神实质落到实处。学习实践科学发展观迫切要求我们去完善分配制度,形成利益协调机制,缩小贫富差距;完善民主政治权利保障制度,形成诉求表达机制,保障人民主体地位;完善社会保障制度,形成矛盾调处机制,维护社会公平正义。     

Predicting Institutional Violence among Death Row Inmates: The Utility of the Sorensen and Pilgrim Model

The (Sorensen and Pilgrim, An actuarial risk assessment of violence posed by capital murder defendants. J Crim Law Criminol 90:1251–1270, 2000) actuarial model was developed to predict institutional violence among life-sentenced murderers. However, despite its presentation at capital sentencing, the model has not been validated on death row inmates specifically. This study examined the association between Sorensen and Pilgrim model scores and five types of institutional violence (serious assaults, minor assaults, verbal assault/threats, prison order offenses, and non-violent infractions) among a sample of 155 individuals who had been incarcerated on death row in Texas. Results revealed that risk scores performed better for non-violent infractions than for serious assaults, calling into question the utility of this measure for capital sentencing evaluations.

Examining the Role of Static and Dynamic Risk Factors in the Prediction of Inpatient Violence: Variable- and Person-Focused Analyses

Although the construct of psychopathy is related to community violence and recidivism in various populations, empirical evidence suggests that its association with institutional aggression is weak at best. The current study examined, via both variable-level and group-level analyses, the relationship between standard violence risk instruments, which included a measure of psychopathy, and institutional violence. Additionally, the incremental validity of dynamic risk factors also was examined. The results suggest that PCL-R was only weakly related to institutional aggression and only then when the behavioral (Factor 2) aspects of the construct were examined. The clinical and risk management scales on the HCR-20, impulsivity, anger, and psychiatric symptoms all were useful in identifying patients at risk for exhibiting institutional aggression. These data suggest that factors other than psychopathy, including dynamic risk factors, may be most useful in identifying forensic patients at higher risk for exhibiting aggression.     

The Psychological Inventory of Criminal Thinking Styles and Level of Service Inventory-Revised: Screening Version as Predictors of Official and Self-reported Disciplinary Infractions

A total of 159 male inmates screened with the Psychological Inventory of Criminal Thinking Styles (PICTS) and Level of Service Inventory-Revised: Screening Version (LSI-R:SV) were followed for a period of 24 months for evidence of disciplinary infractions (incident reports). Eighty-three of these inmates also furnished a self-report of disciplinary infractions occurring during the 24-month follow-up. The PICTS General Criminal Thinking (GCT) score and LSI-R:SV total score correlated with and accurately identified the presence of an officially recorded disciplinary infraction, an officially recorded severe disciplinary infraction, and a self-reported disciplinary infraction but only age and the GCT score achieved incremental validity when age, GCT, and LSI-R:SV were included as predictors in the same probit regression or loglinear survival equation.     

Foreign exchange legislation transformation and enterprise demography in India

This article evaluates the extent to which the legislative changes relating to foreign exchange that have taken place in India within the last few decades, and in particular after 1991, have made an impact on the presence of foreign firms in the economy. The data cover the period 1957–1958 to 2001–2002, and include the entire population of India’s corporate sector. In the period after reforms commenced in 1991, the number of foreign firms in India has increased very substantially. The transformation of the foreign exchange regulation act (FERA) to the foreign exchange management act (FEMA) in 1999 has had a positive effect in inducing foreign firms to India. The FEMA legislation simplifies the maze of controls, procedures and bureaucratic minutiae that have to be observed by all those undertaking to set up and operate a business in India. The changes in the legislative regimes make India attractive as an investment destination for foreign firms.