China’s Structural Power and the Fate of the BCIM Economic Corridor

ABSTRACT

In 2013, China and India officially established an economic corridor (the Bangladesh–China–India–Myanmar Economic Corridor, BCIM-EC) that would cut across Myanmar and Bangladesh. But while the formal process of cooperation among the four countries is in place, many obstacles to its implementation remain at the international, national and local levels. Is meaningful collaboration possible within the BCIM-EC framework? In terms of two dimensions of structural power as conceptualised by Susan Strange, security and trade, China’s structural power in Myanmar is much stronger than India’s. It is therefore likely that this imbalance will prevent the BCIM-EC project, which currently appears to be overshadowed by China’s Belt and Road Initiative, from having a fruitful outcome.     

Development and the search for connection

Abstract

The stated purpose of development is often characterised by the motivation to ‘help’ – that is, to intervene in the lives of others in supportive ways. This paper argues that this perspective has obscured how development activities are also animated by its twin desire to ‘connect’. While this holds significance for development more broadly, it becomes particularly evident in a mode of assistance that has gained prominence more recently. These are privately funded, small-scale projects led by individual founders, here described as ‘citizen aid’. Based on ethnographic research among citizen aid initiatives in Cambodia, the paper argues that the relevance of ‘connecting’ has been insufficiently recognised so far. It explores different aspects of what participants mean by ‘making a connection’, including face-to-face contact, direct experience of aid activities, and their tangible efficacy. It also finds that establishing interpersonal relationships across national, ethnic and cultural differences, while potentially challenging, is a key motivation for those involved. Finally, the paper argues that acknowledging the desire to connect questions notions of the ‘distant stranger’ as the archetypical humanitarian object, highlighting the wish for familiarity and closeness as potentially just as important for motivating and directing assistance to others.     

特朗普政府强化对中国技术出口管制的经济影响——基于“全球贸易分析模型”的评估

特朗普政府上台后,不断将中国高科技公司与机构列入美方出口管制"实体清单",技术出口管制已成为美国对中国实施极限施压和战略遏制的重要工具。本文运用GTAP评估了美国加强对华技术出口管制对中美两国经济影响,模拟分析中国采取各种对策的效果,研究表明:第一,美国不断加强对华技术出口管制,中美两国GDP、居民消费支出和资本回流净收益率、社会福利、进出口贸易遭受的负面影响也不断加大。第二,采用"增强自主创新能力"与"加强国际经济技术合作"相结合方式来应对美国技术出口管制,中国不但能够获得更多的宏观经济效益,还可以减少中国出口所遭受的负面影响与扩大中国进口,但可能对美国宏观经济和进出口贸易产生较大不利影响。第三,美方加强对中国技术出口管制,对中美两国生产部门产出影响较小;中国在增强自主创新能力的同时,加强国际经济技术合作,有助于提高美国总产出水平,更有助于提高中国的总产出水平。     

领土条约的界定标准、解释方法及其运行结构

领土主权属于一国的核心利益问题。国际法院基于《维也纳条约法公约》第31-32条之规定,在解决领土条约争端时采取了"实质优于形式"和"同意"等界定标准。同时,在适用该《公约》解释相关条款时采取了不同的解释方法,体现了一定的灵活性,但也出现过矛盾与反复。对此,应根据该《公约》第31-32条规定的内部要素及外部变量,优化领土条约的解释方法和运行结构。这种路径的设计不再拘泥于《条约法公约》本身,适当拓展、引入当事方提供的证明事实真相的关键证据,对领土条约的解释进行补充说明,并非游离于《条约法公约》之外,转而寻求保持占有法律、有效控制等法理基础及相应的事实主张和证据,而是将两者合而为一,以《条约法公约》解释规则为主,其他关键证据为辅的层级解释路径。另外,国际法院在解释相关领土条约时,除了适用"《条约法公约》+其他层级关键证据"模式外,还应借鉴学界的解释方法论,以使得两者交互影响,进一步完善条约解释方法的路径,实现对领土条约解释规则的再造。     

The international rule of law

ABSTRACT

The rule of law is a moral ideal that protects distinctive legal values such as generality, equality before the law, the independence of courts, and due process rights. I argue that one of the main goals of an international rule of the law is the protection of individual and state autonomy from the arbitrary interference of international institutions, and that the best way to codify this protection is through constitutional rules restraining the reach of international law into the internal affairs of a state. State autonomy does not have any intrinsic value or moral status of its own. Its value is derivative, resulting from the role it plays as the most efficient means of protecting autonomy for individuals and groups. Therefore, the goal of protecting state autonomy form the encroachment of international law will have to be constrained by, and balanced against the more fundamental goal of an international rule of law, the protection of the autonomy of individual persons, best realized through the entrenchment of basic human rights.     

共产国际对井冈山革命根据地的关注

井冈山斗争、井冈山革命根据地与共产国际、联共（布）究竟是什么关系，过去一直鲜为人知。共产国际解密档案公开出版后，这个问题才得以弄清。实际上，共产国际、联共（布）对井冈山革命根据地是热情关注、真诚支持的，他们关注“毛泽东的军队正在扩充”，认为“湘赣的形势相当好”，讨论了“援助朱毛问题”，表彰朱毛红军是“史诗般的英雄行动”，是“具有重大意义”的，盛赞“井冈山根据地是最强大的根据地之一”，还论述了“朱毛会师”、“永新困敌”、“大柏地战斗”等重大事件。     

中国实行扩大内需政策的国际经济背景与影响

中国之所以实行扩大内需政策并使其长期化 ,与中国经济发展外需依存度高 ,而国际经济环境趋于严峻又导致外需大幅波动直接相关。近年导致中国外需大幅波动的国际经济背景包括东亚金融危机、美国经济减速和日本经济衰退等方面。为化解外需波动的消极影响 ,中国从 1998年起实行了以积极财政政策和稳健货币政策为核心的扩大内需政策并取得了显著效果 ,不仅对保持中国经济的持续快速增长产生了重要作用 ,而且也对全球尤其是区域经济发展做出了巨大贡献 ,包括缓解东亚金融危机、加速东亚经济回升和减缓全球经济衰退。     

国际海洋法法庭释放渔船的司法实践及其对我国的启示

联合国海洋法法庭自成立以来审理的案件中有很大部分都涉及渔船立即释放的纠纷,本文在具体考量法庭审理的有关这方面的案件后,认为法庭的司法实践体现了“从速审判”的特点,加剧了国际法主体多元化的进程,并在此基础上对我国的相关国内法提出了修改的建议。     

欧盟一体化建设的新阶段--欧元正式流通

欧元启动两年多来,在外汇市场上的发展可谓一波三折,历经艰辛。怎样看待欧元诞生的历史必然及欧元问世的意义和影响,及其发展所面临的挑战和前景如何,本文试在欧元正式进入流通领域之际,就以上几个问题做一全面阐述。