论公民养老权的制度化

养老权作为一项基本人权,无论是法律上还是实践中都已在国际社会形成共识。公民养老权制度化主要表现为形成权利目标、界定权利概念、权利法定化和保障权利实现。     

Active citizenship through mobility? Students’ perceptions of identity,rights and participation in the EU

Globalisation has begun to transform the processes through which citizens are differentiated and non-citizens are excluded. This article provides an in-depth qualitative interrogation of these processes of differentiation and exclusion, and argues that the transformation in these processes compels us to reconsider the conceptual dichotomy of passive/active citizens along the stayers/mobiles distinction. This transformation is most apparent in Europe, with the introduction of European Union (EU) citizenship. The article builds on Bourdieu’s cultural capital in the cosmopolitan context, existing qualitative studies on citizens’ sense of EU identity and citizenship, and illustrative focus group evidence of visiting EU and home students’ perceptions of EU citizenship across three dimensions – identity, rights and participation. The evidence indicates that we can distinguish between four categories of citizens in the EU: passive EU citizens, including two groups of stayers; the potential EU (i) and member state-oriented (ii) citizens, and active EU citizens, including EU-15 (iii) and Central and Eastern European (iv) mobile citizens. These categories reveal that important distinctions are emerging between the perceptions and behaviour of stayers and mobiles as passive/active citizens.     

把握宪法根本 维护公民权利

宪法的核心和根本是对公民在国家生活和 社会生活中享有的基本权利和自由予以确认和保障，准确理解宪法这一精神实质，分析探讨维护公民宪法权利的难题和应对措施，对于进一步完善和贯彻落实宪法有着至关重要的影响，也是构建以人为本的民主法治社会需要面对和解决的一个重大课题。     

论我国公民法律素质的培养与提升

公民的法律素质是指公民所具有的法律知识、法律意识和运用法律的能力与水平的综合体现,是公民的内在观念范式和外在行为方式的统一。法治社会的生成基础是市场经济、民主政治、市民社会和理性多元文化的组合。公民法律素质的培养提高与法治社会的生成基础之间密不可分,相互促进。因此,法治基础的培育过程就是公民法律素质的提高过程。     

论我国公民权利与国家权力的关系及完善途径

公民权利和国家权力作为两个相互紧密联系的基本范畴,是法制国家和和谐社会必须重视并处理好的关键问题之一。面对现有的国家权力与公民权利之间的关系及社会协调运行机制中存在的一些问题,应在保障和实现公民权利、限制国家权力的同时,使国家权力与公民权利能够协调一致,共同向前发展,进而实现和谐社会的构建。     

Exclusivity of citizens’ initiatives: Fuel for collective action?

ABSTRACT

Self-organized citizens’ initiatives are a form of collective action and contribute to society through the production of public goods and services. Traditional collective action theory predicts that such initiatives are near impossible because of the persistent problems of free-riding. Citizens’ initiatives however do exist and function properly, and their numbers seem to be increasing in countries such as the Netherlands. This article argues that free-riding problems can be overcome when some form of exclusivity is arranged in citizens’ initiatives. We assume that citizens’ initiatives use active and/or passive strategies to limit free-riding behaviour. Using three illustrative cases, our research shows that position rules, boundary rules, and authority rules are used in a subtle and often implicit way to differentiate the level of influence and authority between the more and the less committed members, enabling collective action. Such rules, though advantageous, may be paradoxical to the goals of the citizens’ initiatives and can undermine the virtues associated with them.     

中国政治发展过程中的“群众”探微

我国民主政治的发展路径与西方国家相比有较大不同,集中表现在“群众”这一过渡环节.从空间角度来说,“群众”无疑彰显了中国的政治特色;从时间角度来看, “群众”既是臣民时代的终结者,同时又叩响了公民时代的大门,其在中国政治发展过程中扮演着过渡者的角色.本文分析了中国政治发展过程中“群众”的政治内涵,探讨了中国特殊的政治演变逻辑,提出了中国政治未来的发展方向.     

刑法:善良公民的"大宪章"

人权刑法保护问题,不仅是极为复杂的问题,而且也是无法回避的问题.然而,国内学界对此专论寥寥.首先界定了人权的概念,然后简述了人权的三种基本形态.并认为,刑法保护人权,乃刑法的内在价值和固有机能.剖析了1997年刑法典对一般公民人权予以保护的现状,认为它不愧为"善良公民的大宪章".若想真正实现人权由法定向实有的转化,就应在司法实践中切实贯彻罪刑法定原则.     

国际法人本化趋向下海外中国公民保护的性质演进及进路选择

全球化背景下中国公民走出国门的人数越来越多,他们在国外面临的形势不容乐观,而如何保护其权益则是我国必须思考的问题。国际法人本化趋向下保护海外中国公民权益不仅是国家的一项权利,更是一项义务和责任。目前,我国在保护海外公民权益实践当中还存在诸多不足,因而有必要在我国实行外交为民、执政为民的理念下进一步完善海外公民权益保护的策略,以切实保护其权益不受它国的非法侵害。     

俄罗斯公民宪法权利的文本演变——对1906年根本法、1918年苏俄宪法和1993年联邦宪法的考察

公民权利作为现代宪政的核心主题,是透视俄罗斯宪政问题的一个最为重要的视角。自20世纪以来,俄罗斯社会转型过程中先后出现了三种类型的宪法,公民权利在宪法中从形式到内容发生了历史性的演变,从宪法规范的语言表述、到公民权利规范在宪法文本中的位次、再到具体的权利内容,都发生了根本性的变化。在立宪理念上,专制主义、集体主义和自由主义（个人主义）分别主导着1906年根本法、1918年苏俄宪法和1993年联邦宪法。厘清这种变化对当下俄罗斯公民权利的保障与实现有重要的意义,对透视转型国家的宪政发展有积极的启示。