公有制主体比重的帕累托最优标准

目前对公有制的主体比重已有不少研究,然而结论可谓多种多样,有的结论之间甚至有相当悬殊的反差.有鉴于此,应用经济学理论对"公有制为主体"的性质进行界定就显得十分重要.这种界定的科学性在于寻求公有制主体比重的经济理论支持,而公有制主体比重的帕累托最优标准恰恰提供了这种理论支持.     

论所有权的配置与东北老工业基地国有企业振兴

自改革开放以来,东北老工业基地国有企业发展明显滞后,其根本的原因之一是企业所有权配置失当。企业的所有权指的是对企业的剩余索取权和剩余控制权,从企业制度演变过程中可以看出所有权的配置与企业效率有着正相关的关系。实现东北老工业基地国有企业振兴的主要途径主要来自三个方面,即政府减少对企业的干预,从企业直接控制者转变为财务上的监督者;通过“国有企业民营化”解决“所有者缺位”问题;引进目前老工业基地“稀缺人才”,充分认识到人力资本的重要性,让他们拥有部分企业所有权,参与企业收益分享。     

The Determinants of Capital Structure: Evidence from Chinese Listed Companies

This paper attempts to investigate the determinants of the capital structure of a sample of 972 listed companies on the Shanghai Stock Exchange and Shenzhen Stock Exchange in China in 2003. Various theories, namely, the trade-off, pecking order and agency theories, are deployed to explain and predict the signs and significance of each factor identified by Ragan and Zingales (1995) and Booth et al. (2001). Furthermore, we include institutional shareholdings, including state agency shareholdings, state-owned shareholdings and privately owned shareholdings, as corporate governance variables to examine the effects of corporate structure on the debt financing behaviours. As well documented, we find that profitability is negatively related to capital structure at a highly significant level. The size and risk of the firms are positively related to the debt ratio – but only in term of market value measures of capital structure. The years of the companies being listed on stock markets are positively related to capital structure, indicating the access of the firms to debt finance is more easily judged by book value. Tax is not a factor in influencing debt ratio. Ownership structure has a negative effect on the capital structure. The firms with higher institutional shareholdings tend to avoid using debt financing, a behaviour that can be explained by entrenchment effects. A further classification of the institutional shareholders reveals that, among the three groups of institutional shareholding, the state institutions, including state agency and state-owned institutions, were more averse to debt financing, particularly for state-owned institutions. There is no strong evidence indicating debt-averse behaviour by domestic institutional shareholders.     

我国的农地制度与改革

新中国成立以来,农地制度变革经历了土地改革、农业合作化、"人民公社化"、农民家庭联产承包责任制四个阶段。 实践证明,现阶段的农地制度基本上是适合生产力发展的,但在土地所有制度、土地产权制度、对农地征收税赋制度、国家征收和 征用农地制度、村级自治组织制度等方面还存在不少问题亟待解决。为此必须实行农地所有权国有化;农地产权家庭化,同时,国 家应及时调整对农村的财政、征用农地和税收政策;制止村民自治组织政权化,大力精简县、乡(镇)、村的机构与人员;逐步取消城 乡隔离的各种制度。     

认真学习、实践毛泽东的一个重要经济思想

毛泽东“可以消灭了资本主义,又搞资本主义”的思想,是符合中国社会主义初级阶段的生产力水平 的,是马克思社会主义经济理论与中国实际相结合的“新经济政策”,是一束耀眼的经济思想火花。     

土地权属争议的界定及解决

土地权属争议多指双方当事人因没有土地证书而引发的土地使用权和所有权不明的争议。土地权属争议是一种纯民事争议,它不是侵权争议和违约争议,也不是其他民事违法争议。解决办法：由当事人协商解决,协商不成由人民政府处理；对处理不服,依法向人民法院提起行政诉讼。     

论集体所有权与集体所有制实现的经营形式——从所有制的制度实现与经营实现的区分认识集体所有权的必要性

集体所有制的实现分为制度实现和经营实现两个层次。集体所有制实现的法权制度就是集体所有权。集体所有权在本质上是集体成员的共同所有权。但在集体所有制实现的经营形式上并不要求集体成员集体劳动、统一经营,而是可以采取多元化经营形式。对传统的集体经营形式的改革,不是对集体所有制的否定。发展集体所有制,就必须确立集体所有权。在集体所有权基础上,采取多种形式的集体所有制实现的经营形式。     

新时期党对私营经济的认识轨迹

回顾党对私营经济的认识历程和政策变化,特别是回顾新时期党对私营经济的认识轨变,对于我们深刘理解十六大以来,党所提出的关于发展私营经济的新思想、新政策,消除对发展私营经济的种种疑惑,不断探索和完善社会主义基本的经济制度,有着积极的意义。     

Priming Presidential Approval: The Conditionality of Issue Effects

Variations in the effectiveness of media priming are traditionally attributed to individual differences in political sophistication and news exposure. We contribute to this literature by considering the degree to which the content of an issue prime drives its use in presidential approval. Using a macro level approach, we combine public opinion data on presidential approval from 1981 to 2000 with content analyses of presidential news coverage to see how media attention affects the way issues are weighted in presidential approval. We find that the effectiveness of issue primes depends on issue content, such that familiar and understandable issues are more likely to be primed than more complex and difficult issues.

论所有权

所有权是任意支配之权利 ,是具体支配权利和抽象支配权利的总和 ,是全部权利、绝对权利、永久权利的统一 ,是最完备的权利集合。具体支配权利是改变权利客体的物质形态的权利 ,抽象支配权利是转移具体支配权利、改变权利关系的权利。所有权存在着自然限制和社会限制 ,所有者只能在自然限制和社会限制的范围内行使任意支配之权。使用权、经营管理权、用益权等非完备的权利集合只是所有权中的部分权利。“三权说”与“四权说”均在逻辑上难以成立。所有权不是“天赋权利” ,而是获得的权利