企业外交参与:以在粤日本企业为例

传统意义上的外交只是中央政府之间的双边外交和各国政府委托的国际组织所进行的多边外交.在全球化加速发展的今天,个人、企业、非政府组织都不可避免地成为外交的参与者.广东作为中国改革开放的前沿,外国投资企业非常密集,他们不仅在经济战略上是中国改革开放实现现代化的有机组成部分,而且在政治外交上也是中国营造实现现代化的良好国际环境不可忽视的一部分.本文以珠三角日本企业参与外交为个案,分析外国企业应该如何参与外交,为促进国家间关系的良性循环发挥自己的作用,以及广东如何通过推动外国企业参与外交,为本省的现代化建设乃至整个中国的现代化建设营造良好的国际环境.     

松花江以北地区日侨俘遣返始末

松花江以北中共控制区日侨俘的遣返,是东北日侨俘遣返的重要组成部分。日本战败后,松花江以北地区滞留的日侨俘20余万人等待遣返。为顺利地完成遣侨,国共美三方多次会商,签订《遣送东北中共管制区日人之协定书》。东北民主联军以认真负责的态度,采取各种有效措施,做好遣侨工作,从1946年8月20日至10月初,共遣返日侨俘18万余人。这一善举体现了中华民族的博大胸怀和中国人民的人道主义精神。     

日本浪漫主义对欧洲浪漫主义的摄取

欧洲浪漫主义文学思潮产生于18世纪末的英德两国,继而影响法国,席卷欧洲大陆,点燃了北欧、俄国、美国以及亚洲的星星浪漫之火。借助欧洲浪漫主义的火种,在大约一个世纪后日本浪漫主义悄然兴起。日本浪漫主义虽然未能像欧洲浪漫主义那样在日本文学史上留下浓重的一笔,但也在欧洲浪漫主义的催发下,荡起了一串涟漪。吉田精一曾说过"日本近代文学离开欧洲文学的影响是不能成立的。"[1]众所周知,当一个国家的文学接受外来影响的时候,不是被动的,而是有选择的。通过对代表作家的个案分析,可以进一步理清日本浪漫主义和欧洲浪漫主义的文学关系。     

Comparisons between Japanese and Han Chinese populations for 261 autosomal STR loci

In this study, Japanese and Han Chinese individuals (n = 32, each) were genotyped for 261 autosomal STRs, and allele frequencies were calculated for each locus in each population. The average number of alleles for all loci in Japanese and Han Chinese populations was 6.65 and 6.56, respectively. The tests for deviations from HWE performed using an exact test showed that the number of STRs (P > 0.05) in Japanese and Han Chinese populations was 236 and 241, respectively. Calculation of forensic parameters showed heterozygosity, and the exclusion means in the Japanese population were 0.7185 and 4813 and those in the Han Chinese population were 0.7308 and 0.5008. In addition, population genetic analyses, such as principal component analysis and factorial correspondence analysis, were performed and a differential formula with likelihood ratios was applied for various number of STR loci based on the effectiveness of differentiation between the two populations. Accordingly, this study suggests that statistical differentiation between genetically close populations, such as the Japanese and Han Chinese populations, is possible if approximately 40–50 effective STR loci are analyzed.     

Manufacturing Trust: Community Currencies and the Creation of Social Capital

In this study I examine whether an innovative government program in Ichikawa, Japan has been successful in increasing the level of generalized interpersonal trust in the community by rewarding civic participation by local citizens. Japan has sponsored the development of a number of “community currency” programs at the local level that are designed to create social capital. A community currency is a local “money” that is only useable within a neighborhood or town. In a typical community currency program, a town rewards civic volunteers with credits to barter with other citizens, use at participating stores, or pay for town services. These programs are specifically designed to stimulate generalized trust by rewarding civic engagement and encouraging social interaction. I evaluate whether the new Tekona community currency program in Ichikawa, Japan has been successful in raising levels of trust among participants, as compared to a randomly selected control group of town residents. I find that community currency involvement increases general trust, which demonstrates that it is possible to institute government programs that create social capital.

日据时期台湾长老会原住民传教活动及其衰落探析

晚清时期台湾长老会在原住民中发展迅速,但在日据时期却发生了明显的衰退。原住民分为平埔族和山地原住民,平埔族地区传教的衰落主要原因是原住民受到汉人攻击和土地的流失,而山地传教则受到殖民当局＂理番＂政策的影响而进展艰难。无论是平埔族还是山地原住民,传教衰落的深层次原因是其文化劣势。     

完善人民监督员制度的构想——以日本检察审查会制度为借鉴

人民监督员制度是针对检察院直接受理的侦查案件而建立的一种社会监督制度。试点至今,成绩斐然,但亦暴露出制度设计上的缺陷。本文结合人民监督员制度运行的实践,借鉴日本检察审查会制度的经验,就完善人民监督员制度提出构想。     

Experience Writing on World War II in Post-war Japanese Literature

In early postwar Japanese literature emerged a large number of literary works on the experience of World War II. All these works interpret the writers’ intuitive sense from the perspective of battlefield experience, captive experience, atomic bomb blast experience, post-war experience and the occupied experience. Although they had the same topic, different literature schools and different individual authors wrote in quite different ways, whose views on the war were totally diverse. Among all these writers, some reflected on the duty of war with consciences; the others attempted to obscure the guilty in their works. Thus it is necessary to make concrete analyses on concrete conditions when the literary criticism is being studied, which is not only the expression of respecting historical truth, but also the objective requirement of maintaining the victory of the war against Fascism.     

The Establishment of the Philosophy of Comedy in The Cherry Orchard

A. P. Chekhov, known as “the pioneer of modern drama in the 20th century”, is not only a famous Russian anovelist but also an outstanding dramatist. The Cherry Orchard is the author’s last play. In this paper, we made a detailed analysis of the text. First of all, the paper analyzes its “joy in grief” comedy philosophy from the so-called “sadness”. Secondly, the paper discusses the transformation from a real existence to the metaphorical process of “the cherry orchard” in combination with the author’s life. Finally, this paper analyzes the surface structure and deep structure of the play from two aspects of portraits of characters and scenes and reveals the way to establish the philosophy of comedy in this play.     

“舌尖上的教育”是如何成为国策的——对日本政府在“食育”形成中角色的综论

日本是目前世界上食育体系最为完善的国家,研究这一体系,特别是关注其中的政府角色,对在中国推广该机制,具有重要意义。文章以日本为研究国别,在描述食育基本内容的基础上,论述了不同历史阶段食育的特征与消长,尤其是政府对推进食育计划的积极作用,最后重点关注了发挥管理保障功能的日本政府有关食育计划的组织架构。