Post-war Kosovo landscapes in Pristina: discrepancies between language policy and urban reality

This paper focuses on the complex nature of post-war multilingual landscapes in Pristina, the capital of Kosovo, as shaped by the country’s political shift after independence in 2008. We aim to contribute to this sociolinguistically underexplored territory through an examination of the relative predominance and visibility of the capital’s most dominant languages: Albanian, Serbian, and English. Our central aim is to empirically problematize the shared co-officialdom of the Albanian and Serb languages, as put forward in the “Ahtisaari Plan” in 2007 and subsequently adopted in the State Constitution in 2008 and Language Laws in 2006 and 2008. We posit that the multilingual language policies which paint an inclusive, multi-ethnic picture of Pristina do not coincide with its monolingual Albanian reality. In addition to these empirical findings, our second aim is to contribute to the theorization of authorship in the public sphere. With reference to the Pristina context, we problematize the analytical categorization conventionally made between top-down and bottom-up agency and distinguish a third category of semi-official authorship. This third category enables us to examine the dynamic nature of the discrepancy between Kosovo’s language policy and Pristina’s urban linguistic reality in more detail.     

教育与文化传承:贵州少数民族教育存在的两个问题

忽视少数民族语言和文化是贵州少数民族教育存在的两个问题。有选择的文化传承成为现代学校教育的重要特征之一,也是阻碍少数民族文化传承的主要根源。贵州文化的多元性与现代学校教育的排他性之间的矛盾关系根源于:文化中心主义、高度集中的教育管理制度、文化商业功利性和少数民族话语权缺失。     

中国古代言谏制度探究

言谏制度是中国古代监察制度的重要组成部分,它与御史制度构成了中国古代监察制度的两翼.其咨询、规谏的职守和作为,凸显出自己特有的光彩,给古代封建专制政体注入了一股难能可贵的活力.拟就我国古代言谏制度的源流演变及其实施、得失进行探讨,以对当代我国的行政监察制度提供一定的史鉴参考.     

职务犯罪亚文化的功能探析

职务犯罪亚文化的功能不仅是解释个人加入职务犯罪亚文化群的原因,也是连接个人、群体、社会的纽带,还是连接职务犯罪亚文化形成理论和传播理论的桥梁.但是,我国现有犯罪学理论对它的研究却比较薄弱,不仅没有功能对象的区分,也少有功能性质的辨别.因此,有必要在分析功能概念的基础上对职务犯罪亚文化的功能依不同对象和性质进行分析.     

论我国社区矫正的组织制度

社区矫正的组织制度是社区矫正制度的重要组成部分。我国现行的社区矫正试点工作存在着司法行政机关参与无法律依据、社区矫正人员无执法主体资格以及社区矫正机构多头管理等问题。因此,在法律层面上建立由社区矫正官为中心的社区矫正官制度非常必要。应该在司法行政机关———司法所内设置社区矫正官一职,专司社区矫正的管理和执行工作,并赋予其执法主体的资格。同时,公安机关应该退出社区矫正。     

Does it matter if those who matter don't mind? Effects of gang versus delinquent peer group membership on labeling processes

Despite renewed interests in the labeling perspective and the impact of official intervention on individuals’ future outcomes, scant attention has been given to potential conditioning factors for theorized labeling processes. We argue that, when viewed through a symbolic interactionist lens, variations in the nature of primary social groups, through which individuals filter official labels like arrest, may generate patterns for subsequent self-concept and delinquency that are contrary to what labeling theory indicates. To test our rationale, we offer a moderated mediation model in which gang membership is expected to differentially impact the effect of arrest on future delinquency through an intermediary mechanism: self-esteem. We test a gang–nongang dichotomy and then probe further to test whether hypothesized effects are gang specific or occur similarly for nongang youths with highly delinquent peer groups. Analyzed using Rochester Youth Development Study (RYDS) data (N = 961), comparisons between gang members and nonaffiliated youths with similarly highly delinquent peer groups revealed no significant differences in conditional indirect effects of arrest on self-esteem and future delinquency; the two groups were similarly insulated from any negative impact of arrest on self-esteem. For nongang youths with fewer delinquent peers, however, arrest significantly reduced later self-esteem, which in turn increased their future delinquency.     

华语与马来语的词汇交流——马来西亚文化融合的表现

马来西亚是语言汇聚的国家,在各大族群语言中,以马来族群和华裔族群的语言接触最为明显.本文参考国内外有关华语和马来语的借用研究,采用比较的方法,进行华语借用马来语词汇以及马来语借用华语词汇的双向探讨.调查发现,华语和马来语之间的词汇互借有许多共同点,不但比较集中在闽南语和马来语,而且词汇类型也以生活化的事物名词为主,这是两种文化在复合型社会中自然交流的具体反映.     

Chinese American Adolescents’ Perceptions of the Language Brokering Experience as a Sense of Burden and Sense of Efficacy

Children of immigrants who do translations and who interpret for others using their heritage language and English are known as language brokers. Although prior research suggests that children of immigrants’ perceptions of the language brokering experience vary greatly—from feeling a sense of efficacy to feeling a sense of burden—what remains unanswered in the literature is identification of the antecedents and processes that help to explain the varying psychological experience of language brokers. Using data from a two-wave prospective longitudinal study of 256 Chinese American adolescents, the present study tested potential mechanisms that may be responsible for adolescents’ perceptions of the language brokering experience as a sense or burden or sense of efficacy. The results demonstrate that adolescents’ Chinese orientation sets in motion a family process that is linked to variations in the perceptions of adolescents’ language brokering experience. Adolescents who are more Chinese oriented have a stronger sense of familial obligation, and these adolescents are more likely to perceive that they matter to their parents. Adolescents’ perceived sense of mattering to parents, in turn, is associated positively with a sense efficacy, and negatively with a sense of burden as language brokers. Those adolescents who are less Chinese oriented have a weaker sense of familial obligation, and these adolescents are more likely to feel a sense of alienation from their parents. Adolescents’ sense of perceived alienation from parents, in turn, is associated with a sense of burden as language brokers. Implications for developing interventions for children who act as language brokers for their parents are discussed.

The birth and development of the language of global development in light of trends in global population,international politics,economics and globalisation

The 1940s saw an intensification of worldwide interest in the problems of development and underdevelopment. One consequence of this was a rapid evolution of the language of global development. The reconstruction of its genesis is most commonly attempted through the analysis of literature on the subject and accounts by those who took part in or observed the debates of the time concerning the world’s development and structure. This article proposes a different approach which locates important events in the evolution of the modern language of global development on timelines tracing populational, political, socio-economic and civilisational processes.     

为什么不能将性贿赂犯罪化?

近年来有不少学者和人大代表仅从性贿赂的危害性角度提议性贿赂入罪,是对刑事立法规律的不理解所导致的。性贿赂立法在国际反腐败公约中没有要求,在国外立法中没有先例,在我国不能将性贿赂入罪,因为将性贿赂入罪会因为认定上的困难而导致司法上的混乱。不将性贿赂犯罪化,但可以通过其他方式监督性贿赂、防止官员腐败。