Populist possibilities and political constraints in Mexico

This article defines populism (in Latin American context) as a form of politics that is based mainly upon a personalist appeal, attracts significant popular support and, if successful, significantly redesigns social or political institutions. Neopopulism is defined as a form of populism which begins outside the state as opposed to classic populism which originates within the state. The main theoretical argument is that the study of populism can be made significant for comparative politics if we emphasise the issue of institutional redesign and then conceptualise it in structure vs agency terms. The comparative question then becomes whether a particular set of political institutions is robust enough to withstand the challenge of a charismatic individual. The empirical background is that Latin America has seen a significant number of populist movements that have indeed fundamentally altered institutional structures. By the same token, there have been an even larger number of populist attempts which ultimately failed. Having made this point, the discussion then focuses on Mexico. It seeks to understand the different sets of conditions which allowed Lázaro Cárdenas to succeed as classic populist in the 1930s, Cuauhtémoc Cárdenas to come close to success as a neopopulist in the 1980s and which greatly reduce the likelihood of successful neopopulism in the near future.     

软法与硬法的冲突和对抗:重塑国际贸易体制的新路径选择

作为治理国际贸易问题的两种不同属性的规则系统,软法与硬法之间有时候以相互补充和相互协调的关系出现;然而,冲突与对抗也是二者关系的表现形态。在利用软法以软化、修正和改变硬法,进而影响或塑造新的国际贸易利益分配制度框架方面,发达国家和发展中国家均有过成功的实践。当前,国际经济结构正在经历变革,作为负责任的发展中大国,中国可以且应当善用软法,积极有效地参与国际贸易体制的调整与重塑,使国家经济利益在以WTO为中心的国际贸易体制中得到应有和恰当的表达。     

司法腐败的成因及对策

司法腐败是各种腐败现象中的要害和核心 ,是滋生和助长其他腐败的温床。司法腐败之所以能存在 ,是司法权力的行使者将司法权力据为私有 ,以权谋私 ,权钱交换 ,从而产生异化与腐败。反对司法腐败既要抓防又要抓治 ,尤其要注意加强民主权力对司法权力行使的制约 ,加强司法权依法行使的保障机制 ,强化司法廉政的监督制约机制 ,提高司法队伍的素质 ,增强司法人员的社会公仆意识 ,同时 ,必须坚定不移地坚持党的领导。     

论经验法则的适用与完善

经验法则是指人们从生活经验中归纳获得的关于事物因果关系或属性状态的法则或知识.经验法则在司法审判实践中具有证据评价、事实推定以及法律解释的功能.由于受法官主观水平的影响,加之经验法则适用制度的不完善,经验法则在司法审判实践中产生了一定的局限性.建议从确立法律规范、完善质疑和上诉程序、明确经验法则标准、限制法官自由裁量权...     

古代书证制度的司法运行及制约因素——以司法案例为中心的制度考察

在中国古代的司法实践中,口供不是惟一的证据形式,书证这一带有浓厚客观色彩的证据在案件审理中受到了审判人员的重视,尤其在民事案件的审理中更成为具有关键意义的证据形态。本文旨在对古代社会的书证制度在司法领域的运行状况进行探讨,并依托于司法案例展开各项阐释,展现古代书证制度的原貌及特征,以期为今日社会之书证制度的完善提供历史借鉴。     

论WTO争端解决中“司法积极主义”的现实影响

DSB在WTO争端解决中呈现的"司法积极主义"对多边贸易体制产生的影响是双重的。一方面,它在维护WTO规则的完整性的同时,也破坏了WTO规则的可预见性,从而导致WTO争端解决机制自身面临体制的信任危机;另一方面,它也加深了发达国家与发展国家在多边规则制定和解释上的不平衡性,导致"南北问题"在现实中的进一步激化。     

从《意见》看我国公开审判制度的再完善

《关于加强人民法院审判公开工作的若干意见》中提出的每一项具体措施都是针对司法实践中制约当事人诉讼知情权的突出问题而制定的。这将更加有力地维护当事人的诉讼权利,促进司法的公正、高效和权威,使司法审判为和谐社会的构建提供强有力的保障。但仍存在不足之处。对此,应从我国国情出发,借鉴国外及国际立法,使我国的公开审判制度既符合现代诉讼的规律和要求,又符合我国的立法环境。     

Politics by denunciation: Political whistleblowing against members of parliament in Italy

Judicial investigations into politicians are a fundamental component of politics, with these investigations often leading to public scandals. Yet, empirical evidence of the strategic determinants of judicial investigations is intrinsically hard to gather, a problem that has significantly limited the study of this important phenomenon. This paper studies the politics behind judicial investigations by leveraging new data on prosecutors’ informants in 1125 episodes of misbehavior of Italian MPs involved in different crimes (1983–2019). Results provide evidence in favor of a political use of denunciations for corruption crimes: when a party weakens, the likelihood that political enemies denounce past misbehavior of members of the weakened party increases, suggesting that the political use of denunciation is elastic to changes in the electoral performance. Furthermore, weakened MPs are more likely to be accused of misbehavior that happened a long time before the accusation, which further supports the argument that accusations are politically motivated.     

论中国仲裁监督机制及其完善

中国仲裁有内部监督、行业监督和司法监督等三种形式,以司法监督为重心。本文通过比较两大法系有关法院监督仲裁的范围,分析了中国法律界关于中国仲裁监督机制的不同观点以及全面监督论与程序监督论。对于中国仲裁监督机制的改进,本文并不侧重于构建各种具体规则,而主张确立支持仲裁的观念、在仲裁的司法监督上强调严肃执法、确立仲裁员道德规范及审慎确定司法监督的范围。     

我国鉴定人出庭质证制度的完善

鉴定人出庭率低是我国司法实践中的普遍现象。造成该现象的原因是多方面的,其中最主要的原因在于我国法律规定的不完善。借鉴国外立法的相关规定,对于完善我国鉴定人出庭质证制度不无裨益。