刑事侦查行政化取向之法律效果浅析

基于现代法治原则,在法律属性上刑事侦查具有行政权的形式特征,在本质上是一项司法　　权。行政化取向是我国刑事侦查制度运行的本质缺陷,必须以加快刑事侦查制度的职业化建设、对侦查　　强制处分导入事后司法审查制度、提高诉讼的平等性等手段对刑事侦查制度的司法型进行改进。     

中国国家人权机构的建立与完善——以《巴黎原则》为基础

自2004年“国家尊重和保护人权”的条款写入宪法以来,完善人权的国内保护逐渐成为人权保障的核心。1993年,联合国大会通过了《促进和保护人权的国家机构的地位原则》（简称巴黎原则）,为各国在国家人权机构的建立和完善方面确立了基本原则。通过对巴黎原则的研究,能够建立起符合国际标准国家人权机构,对人权的国内保护大有裨益。     

Stumbling block or stepping stone? The influence of direct democracy on individual participation in parliamentary elections

This paper evaluates whether direct democracy supplements or undermines traditional representative democracy. While a first approach assumes that a culture of active direct democracy stimulates citizens’ political interest and ultimately bolsters participation in parliamentary elections, a competing hypothesis proposes a negative relationship between the frequency of ballot measures and electoral participation due to voter fatigue and decreased significance of elections. Our multilevel analysis of the 26 Swiss cantons challenges recent studies conducted for the U.S. states: In the Swiss context, where direct democracy is more important in the political process than the less salient parliamentary elections, greater use of direct democratic procedures is associated with a lower individual probability to participate in elections. Furthermore, by distinguishing between short and long-term effects of direct democracy, we show that the relationship observed is of a long-term nature and can therefore be seen as a result of adaptive learning processes rather than of instantaneous voter fatigue.     

The fragility of an independent judiciary: Lessons from Hungary and Poland–and the European Union

When the European Union was founded, it was assumed that all Member States admitted as consolidated democracies would maintain their constitutional commitments. In recent years, Hungary and Poland have challenged this premise as elected autocratic governments in those countries have captured independent institutions and threatened long-term democracy. The judiciaries of these countries have been hard hit. In this paper, we trace what has happened to the judiciaries in Hungary and Poland, showing how first the constitutional courts and then the ordinary judiciary have been brought under the control of political forces so that there is no longer a separation of law and politics. We also explore why the European Union has so far not been able to stop this process. In the end, the European judiciary, particularly the Court of Justice, is attempting a rescue of national judiciaries, but the results are so far unclear.     

沉默权与中国刑事诉讼

中国现行法之所以没有确认被追诉者的沉默权,有政治、诉讼制度、社会现实和文化传统等多方面的原因;在中国建立沉默权制度。既要从价值判断上明确其必要性,又要充分考虑到可能面临的技术难题;但从社会的宏观背景来看,中国建立沉默权制度的艰巨性远远超过技术设计和价值判断的范围,必须特别注意相关制度的建设和程序规则的完善。     

论司法改革的理论基础及方向

目前的司法改革理论是以立法、行政和司法三权分立为背景展开的 ,其所提出的方案不能解决人民代表大会制度下的“司法”公正问题。建立宪法审判制度 ,设立全国人大宪法委员会 ,把人大的个案监督变成宪法诉讼 ,是解决问题的基本方向。     

英美民事证据开示若干问题研析

作为实现司法正义的重要手段,英美的民事证据开示制度发挥了关键作用。从"形而上"的角度看,该制度背后最基本的理念是FairPlay精神。本文主要从微观角度对证据开示的一些具体制度,即开示的主体、对象、范围、时限要求、法定例外、有关专家证言是否开示、相关会议安排以及对滥用开示制度的法律制裁等进行研讨。证据开示制度内容丰富,程序严谨,有利于平等保护双方当事人的权益,值得我国学习和借鉴。     

我国涉外仲裁裁决撤销制度若干问题的思考

论证我国涉外仲裁裁决撤销制度存在的必要性,认为该制度应当以维护仲裁自治性为目的,合理规范法院的司法审查权,然后根据这一结论考察我国涉外仲裁裁决撤销制度存在的问题,并提出相关建议。     

关于我国司法警官职业学院专业设置的思考

我国司法警官职业学院是近几年创办的 ,在专业开发和建设方面虽然做了大量的卓有成效的工作 ,但还不尽如人意。通过对专业设置现状的分析 ,提出专业设置应遵循的原则 ,以使设置的专业更加科学合理 ,更适合市场需要 ,更有利于学院的健康持久发展     

Analyzing decentralized resource regimes from a polycentric perspective

This article seeks to shed new light on the study of decentralized natural resource governance by applying institutional theories of polycentricity—the relationships among multiple authorities with overlapping jurisdictions. The emphasis on multi-level dynamics has not penetrated empirical studies of environmental policy reforms in non-industrial countries. On the contrary, many of today’s decentralization proponents seem to be infatuated with the local sphere, expecting that local actors are always able and willing to govern their natural resources effectively. Existing studies in this area often focus exclusively on characteristics and performance of local institutions. While we certainly do not deny the importance of local institutions, we argue that institutional arrangements operating at other governance scales—such as national government agencies, international organizations, NGOs at multiple scales, and private associations—also often have critical roles to play in natural resource governance regimes, including self-organized regimes.