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251.
科学发展观的提出,极大丰富了高职院校教育教学的内涵,同时也对高职院校在实现了规模发展后,如何培育其核心竞争力提出了新的要求。在坚持具有实践指导意义的高职院校核心竞争力的观点指导下,要力求探索出坚持科学发展观对高职院校核心竞争力在制度创新、知识管理、组织重构、目标量化等四个方面的培育与实现。  相似文献   
252.
由于我国检察体制构建不够合理、检察权运行中经常受到外部权力的影响、检察机关本身存在权力滥用以及全社会没有形成法律信仰等多方面的原因,致使我国现阶段检察机关陷入公信力严重缺失的窘境,为此,需要相应采取措施以切实提高检察公信力。  相似文献   
253.
从犯罪主体所在单位而言,公安机关工作人员是徇私枉法犯罪的重灾区,占样本数的87.5%;在公安机关内部,犯罪主体属于县(区)级以下公安机关(机构)的工作人员占样本数的76.3%;犯罪主体均为男性,且年龄在30岁至50岁之间的样本数占80.7%;在庭审中,对犯罪主体是否属于司法工作人员的争论或辩护不仅涉及到罪与非罪,还涉及到此罪与彼罪的问题,最终必将影响刑罚的适用。公安机关的性质属于行政机关,但不能由此推断公安机关内部的工作人员均为行政工作人员而非司法工作人员。司法鉴定人员和聘用人员可以单独成为徇私枉法罪的适格主体;不具有司法工作人员身份的人可以成为徇私枉法罪的共犯。  相似文献   
254.
在非犯罪化思潮影响之下,未成年人犯罪领域的非犯罪化趋势在我国已经有所体现,这是对未成年犯罪人司法保护的新突破。实现未成年人犯罪领域的非犯罪化具有重要的价值意义。在具体制度建构上,可以在实体法上减少未成年人罪名规定或规定未成年人特殊情形;在司法程序上,则应建立未成年人刑事和解和不起诉制度。  相似文献   
255.
全国法院学术讨论会的获奖论文蕴含着丰富的司法经验,为分析中国司法经验的传承与发展提供了极具价值的样本。中国司法经验的传承和发展,大致分为以发现问题为重心的征集“立法类经验”、以理论突围为特征的总结“理论性经验”和以经验反思为主旨的发展“应用型经验”等三个阶段。其成就主要表现为充分展现了案件审判经验、广泛汇集了司法工作经验,并逐步统一了理念认知经验。按照事实是否清楚、法律是否规定和严格适用法律是否合理三个要素,所有案件可以划分为由六类基本案件组成的九类案件,中国司法的基本经验为所有这些案件提供了相应的解决方案。“休谟难题”、“地方性知识”、“个性化实践”和“法官裁量权膨胀”的疑虑,与中国司法经验传承和发展的收益相比,都显得微不足道。司法经验具有广阔的发展前景,只不过中国司法经验的传承和发展应当根据经验的类型分别采取相应的具体方案。  相似文献   
256.
    
Judicial investigations into politicians are a fundamental component of politics, with these investigations often leading to public scandals. Yet, empirical evidence of the strategic determinants of judicial investigations is intrinsically hard to gather, a problem that has significantly limited the study of this important phenomenon. This paper studies the politics behind judicial investigations by leveraging new data on prosecutors’ informants in 1125 episodes of misbehavior of Italian MPs involved in different crimes (1983–2019). Results provide evidence in favor of a political use of denunciations for corruption crimes: when a party weakens, the likelihood that political enemies denounce past misbehavior of members of the weakened party increases, suggesting that the political use of denunciation is elastic to changes in the electoral performance. Furthermore, weakened MPs are more likely to be accused of misbehavior that happened a long time before the accusation, which further supports the argument that accusations are politically motivated.  相似文献   
257.
    
Clientele networks are differently structured across nations, depending on the political institutional setup and the configuration of political and social forces. The political institutional setup, which is cross-nationally different, determines where clientele networks are formed, how extensive they are and how long they can persist. The configuration of political and social forces, which varies over time, defines who takes the lead in clientele networks and how effective they are for producing policy effects. A comparison of Korean and Japanese clientelism suggests that the Korean case represents a form of national-level, defensive, non-cumulative and high political-risk clientelism, while the Japanese case illustrates a form of local-level, cumulative and low political-risk clientelism. Korean clientelism is not a copy of the Japanese variant. Based on this analysis, the author suggests that not every social organisation is functional for democratic governance. He also points out that the gradual process of disintegrating clientele networks is on the move.  相似文献   
258.
    
Using data for a sample of 35 sub-Saharan African economies for 1995–2015, this study examines the extent to which political institutions identified as belonging to democratic or autocratic regimes explains the existing differences in innovation across sub-Saharan Africa. While the very few existing studies focus only on the direct effect of institutions, this article examines the impact of the interaction between different regime types and human capital development on innovation in developing countries. The evidence provides very strong support for the direct effect of democratic development on innovation as well as for its indirect effect via its impact on human capital development. However, the results do not support theories that argue in favour of interaction between democracy and human capital, thereby pointing to the need for better calibration of the numerous existing theories and related empirical measures.  相似文献   
259.
    
During the reform era, China has been very successful in attracting foreign direct investment (FDI) for its economic development. That this has taken place despite a rather weak legal system in China challenges conventional institutional theories, which emphasize the centrality of effective state institutions to economic development and international cooperation. This article suggests that the solution to the puzzle lies in the informal institutions underlying FDI development in China. On the basis of extensive interviews in the mid- and late 1990s, I find that networks of personal connections (guanxi), which are pervasive in Chinese society, have played a major role in facilitating FDI flows to China. They have done so by complementing and compensating for the weak Chinese legal system. This article dispels a number of misconceptions about the nature of guanxi, discusses its relationship with friendship, bribery, and social capital, and analyzes the conditions underlying the transnationalization of guanxi networks. It concludes with some important caveats to the major thesis and a discussion of possible future scenarios of institutional development in China.  相似文献   
260.
    
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