论高校自治规则的司法审查

高校自治规则接受司法审查,不仅符合《行政诉讼法》的明文规定,也是司法终极性原则的必然要求,更是司法介入高校内部治理的应有之义。同时,为保证高校应有的自治空间,法院对高校自治规则的审查必须遵循附带审查原则、尊重高校首先判断权原则、"不探索决策者的思维过程"原则以及间接审查原则,以保持必要的抑制与谦让。     

从苏格拉底到李昌奎的不变与变——基于法律接受者命运的当代中国司法反思

在通往法治驿站的道路上,整个社会期待值得信赖的司法.独立的司法秩序与司法的独立判断是根本基础.当代中国司法场域,法律为什么不能被信仰,司法场域为什么必须拒绝民主,道德评断为什么能够在司法场域发力并促使司法机关作出改判等三个命题值得人们深思.从苏格拉底之死到李昌奎案件所透视的法律接受者的命运值得当代中国司法反思.     

犯罪故意认定的证据法学解读

实体法上广为讨论的犯罪故意认定问题,最终要在司法证明过程中进行.在罪过难辨的疑案中,裁判者应坚持无罪推定原则,作为区分故意与过失的最后一道屏障.对于故意这种“无法定义只能描述”的复杂心理现象,以实体法上的抽象概念去界定不如以证据法上直观的类型化判断来把握.故意“概念的类型化”,是以认识程度和意志程度之强度互补的弹性组合...     

Coalition type and voter support for parties: Grand coalitions in German elections

While scholars have generally acknowledged that coalition governments are less accountable to voters than single party majorities, surprisingly little differentiation is made among different types of coalition governments. In this paper, we examine voter support for two very different types of coalition governments: those with a single large party and a junior partner and grand coalitions—governing coalitions between two large but ideologically dissimilar parties. We argue that grand coalitions differ from the more typical senior–junior partners in terms of the ability of individual parties to respond to their constituencies. We test this argument using survey data from four German Election Studies (GES), before and after each of the two German grand coalitions (1965, 1969, 2005, and 2009), which provide a unique opportunity to compare voter support for grand coalitions to those of the more typical senior–junior party model. We find evidence that voters responded to grand coalitions by moving away from their traditional voting patterns, and increasing their support for parties outside of the grand coalition, although this effect varies by the number of alternative parties.     

论中国传统法律和谐思想之体现

中国法制现代化旨在通过制度与观念两个层面的法治化来实现社会主义法治秩序的构建。其中社会主义和谐理念是当前社会提倡并追求的符合现代性价值的思想观念,中国传统法律在立法与司法中所体现的和谐思想虽与此内涵不同,但其中所包含的具有传统法意义与本土意义的和谐因素可为现代法治建设所吸收与借鉴。     

Key actors in UN environmental governance: influence,reform and leadership

In the introductory article it was concluded that the effectiveness of the UN environmental institutions studied was quite low. Key actors, especially the US and the EU, play a considerable role in explaining the course of development in these institutions. However, this does not mean that these processes are mainly state-driven as a number of other factors matter. The potential for reform and increased effectiveness is limited as the main actors, the US the EU and G-77/China have very different interests and perceptions as to the future directions of these institutions.

法院如何审查土地开发者负担政策——基于美国法的判例梳理

伴随着都市化进程的加速,为了满足日益加重的公共建设任务,美国法中的开发者负担制度,作为将公共建设任务转移至私人开发主体的规制政策模式于20世纪中后期在地方各州层面开始大量出现。各州法院针对开发者负担制度形成了三种不同的形式化审查标准,亦即"合理关系"标准、"特定且唯一原因"标准以及"理性关联"标准,这些司法审查标准之间存在显著差异,形成了司法审查的地方主义特色。联邦最高法院提出的"根本关联"与"大致合比例"的司法审查标准,非但没有就此统一地方层面殊异的审查标准,反而使得开发者负担制度的合法性审查更加复杂化。20世纪90年代各州大规模的影响费立法,吸收了各州法院司法审查的特殊标准,体现了司法过程对规制政策的影响;同时,影响费立法中咨询委员会等程序装置,也鲜明反映了现代规制国家的制度特征。     

我国行政司法运行情况的实证评估

行政司法程序对于审查行政执法行为合法性、保障行政行对人的合法权益具有重要意义。我国的行政诉讼实践能够在多大程度上实现行政司法程序的制度价值,可以通过实证评估的方法进行测量。中国司法文明指数报告项目的调研数据,反映了我国行政诉讼在及时受理起诉、符合程序公正、有效执行裁判、提供有效诉讼救济等方面的情况。通过对调研数据进行挖掘可以发现,行政司法程序的运行情况与法官形象之间存在正关联,对于这种关联可以进行多种解释。对于行政司法程序的评估,不同职业群体之间存在差异,这可以解释为视角偏差、社会信息供给负面化等原因。     

La jurisprudencia en cuba: reconocimiento dentro del sistema de fuentes del derecho y posibles consecuencias*

In Cuba there is no formal and explicit determination of the sources of Law. At present, however, beyond the normative act as only way for the creation of Law, exists other forms, among which is the jurisprudence. This article discusses some elements that sustain the possibility and necessity of its recognition in the Cuban legal system and the consequences of this fact, since the development of the jurisprudence in different historical moments, the main positions and doctrinal controversies — especially in the Cuban academic circles —, and its concrete manifestation in the judicial system in Cuba.     

论新《行政诉讼法》的若干制度创新

新《行政诉讼法》相对于原《行政诉讼法》有一系列制度创新,其中最重要的有下述八项:立案审查制改登记制,让当事人起诉难变起诉易;案件可跨行政区域管辖,让地方干预易变干预难;扩大受案范围,让行政解纷法治渠道窄变法治渠道宽;放宽当事人资格限制,让利害关系人参与诉讼机会少变参与机会多;增加复议机关被告责任和被诉行政机关负责人出庭应诉责任,让"告官见官难"变"告官见官易";改进诉讼程序,让起诉时限短、诉讼耗时长变起诉时限延长、诉讼耗时减少;扩大司法审查强度,增加裁判形式,让行政诉讼救济手段更多、监督力度更大;增加行政裁判的执行方式,让行政审判更有权威、更有公信力。