违反行政法义务的责任:在行政处罚与刑罚之间——基于《行政处罚法》第7条第2款之规定而展开的分析

具有刑罚后果的违反行政法义务的行为,在具有相同的行政处罚和刑罚构成要件的情况下,应当从区分行政处罚和刑罚的决定因素与适用的两个面向,根据行为的情节、后果、条件、数量和主体等因素确定给予行政处罚抑或刑罚。在处理程序上,基于"行政→刑事"和"刑事→行政"正反两个程序模式的架构,从它们的启动要件、运作步骤和程序效力等方面,解释现行相关规定的实质内容,揭示两种法律责任的程序衔接部分的法律框架。     

行政法:中国特色社会主义法律体系之重要特色

社会主义法治建设工程启动并已经初步造就成为我国取得的诸多举世瞩目成就领域中最突出的一项。社会主义法治建设工程首在立法,并坚持权为民所赋、权为民所用。社会主义法律体系是开放发展的体系,它将随着法治工程建设的进展而自我完善。我国法治建设任务的重点就是实现行政法治,就是建设中国特色的法治政府。中国特色社会主义法律体系的完善和成熟将集中体现在中国特色行政法律体系的完善和成熟方面。     

青少年成长问题调查及其对策——福州市青少年成长调查

青少年时期是人生的生理发育、心理发展的关键阶段。选取了福建省福州市中学、技校、少管所、中专等典型样本的青少年（中小学生）为调查对象,采用问卷调查和访谈相结合的研究手段和方法,在深入分析有效问卷及访谈记录基础上,阐述了福州市青少年成长环境中存在的突出问题,剖析了青少年成长中不良环境的存在原因,提出了促进青少年健康成长的对策和建议。     

民间文学艺术作品的立法保护

随着社会的发展,我国民间文学艺术作品的保护得到越来越大的重视,拟就内涵、保护中存在的问题及解决的办法予以分析,希望能够为我国民间文学艺术相关制度的出台有所裨益。     

英国的授权持枪警察制度

英国为兼顾打击犯罪与保障人权的双重需要,建立了授权持枪警察制度。该制度通过严格的选拔程序、全面的培训和常规的认证管理,提高授权持枪警察的专业素质;同时,立法和警察政策明确规定了配发、使用枪支的条件和授权控制制度,有效地防范警察枪支使用权的滥用。     

外国人在华非法就业管理制度探析

根据不同的移民管理制度,国内学者将外国人就业区分为职业移民与国际劳工。职业移民多为移民国家所采用。作为非移民国家,我国现行外国人就业管理制度体系并不完善,仅仅对国际劳工中具有专业技术外国人员的劳动就业进行规范,即便中国式＂绿卡＂制度也采取有条件地实行从国际劳工向永久居留资格转变的方式。外国人就业管理制度理应与移民取向相并行,但现行管理制度并不适合我国发展现状,构建新型管理制度势在必行。     

当前诊所法律教育的中国问题和出路

十年前,发端于美国的诊所法律教育引入中国.但是,它遇到了如下中国问题:现行教师评价机制不利于诊所教师的发展;法学专业培养体制和就业问题影响了学生对诊所课程的兴趣;目前的司法政策削弱了诊所法律教育的效果等等.为使中国诊所法律教育健康发展,应将诊所教师与其他教师区别对待,构建独立的诊所教师评价机制;改革法学教育体制,强化法...     

Rape Shield Laws and Sexual Behavior Evidence: Effects of Consent Level and Women’s Sexual History on Rape Allegations

Rape shield laws, which limit the introduction of sexual history evidence in rape trials, challenge the view that women with extensive sexual histories more frequently fabricate charges of rape than other women. The present study examined the relationship between women's actual sexual history and their reporting rape in hypothetical scenarios. Female participants (college students and a community sample, which included women working as prostitutes and topless dancers, and women living in a drug and alcohol rehabilitation center) imagined themselves in dating scenarios that described either a legally definable act of rape or consensual sexual intercourse. Additionally, within the rape scenarios, level of consensual intimate contact (i.e., foreplay) preceding rape was examined to determine its influence on rape reporting. Women were less likely to say that they would take legal action in response to the rape scenarios if they had extensive sexual histories, or if they had consented to an extensive amount of intimate contact before the rape. In response to the consensual sexual intercourse scenarios, women with more extensive sexual histories were not more likely to say that they would report rape, even when the scenario provided them with a motive for seeking revenge against their dating partner.     

The maquiladora electronics industry on Mexico’s northern border and the environment

The electronic sector, in particular, the computing industry, has become an increasing concern because of the environmental impact of its products throughout their life cycle. The United States, Europe and Japan as the greatest consumers of electronic goods have given special attention to this issue. The fast computer obsolescence and its difficult confinement, because of the hazardous substances contained, have required a special effort of technical innovation. Nevertheless, this effort seems to respond mainly to the standards required by the countries in which these goods are produced, consumed and confined, which are radically different in developed and developing countries. Though an important part of the production process (assembling) is done in developing countries, little attention has been paid to the environmental quality at this production stage. This study examines the environmental problems and strategy of the electronic assembly industry in the three northern border cities of Mexico. Almost half of 200 electronic maquiladora enterprises surveyed had not undertaken any active environmental policy and there was a limited environmental standards enforcement. Evidence was found that the firms that had operated for a longer period of time had better chances of taking better care of the environment. Environmental firm policies became weaker as one descended from the head office to the subsidiaries and then to their suppliers. It is also found that some transnational corporations operate with double standards in Mexico and thus strong national policies on environmental standards in Mexico are required to change this practice.