论婚姻家庭领域道德调整与法律调整的关系──兼谈对婚外恋的道德调整和法律调整

婚姻家庭关系的伦理性是道德调整和法律调整的客观基础。社会道德和法律共同规范着婚姻家庭关系。道德调整和法律调整的手段和领域不同。道德调整和法律调整在婚姻家庭关系中某些领域界限明确,可分别调整;但在另一些领域难以明确界定自己的调整范围,道德和法律可从不同层次加以规范。对婚外恋行为,道德和法律可分层调整,以实现道德调整和法律调整的效力。     

浅议易制毒化学品的法律规制

近年来,化学合成类毒品的出现对传统的毒品构成冲击,其原料的非原生性和生产的便捷性使之异军突起。中国作为易制度化学品的生产大国,面临的形势更为严峻。目前我国规制易制毒化学品的法律法规存在诸多不足,应加强对易制毒化学品行政处罚的法律位阶,不断完善管制的易制毒化学品的种类。     

高等教育国际化背景下国内大学软环境建设的思考

高等教育国际化以一种不可抗拒的力量骤然兴起,要求大学重新审视自己的定位。大学综合实力由多重因素构成,而大学软环境作为大学的内在品质,更是推动大学持续、深入发展的根本性力量,也是高校竞争中更具有决定性的核心因素,对大学的生存和发展起着至关重要的作用。建设一流大学,不仅需要加大硬件投入,更需要采取切实可行的有效措施,精心培育一流的软环境。     

Biologising Paternity,Moralising Maternity: The Construction of Parenthood in the Determination of Paternity Through the Courts in Portugal

This article explores how the Portuguese legal system’s efforts to determine paternity of children born outside legal marriage, automatically initiated by the Registry Office when a birth registration does not indicate the father, reveal cultural models which reinforce the naturalisation of the differences between mothers and fathers, with significant effects on the social construction of parental roles and on expectations of family organisation and female sexual behaviour. The article relies on ethnographic data drawn from direct observation of court proceedings for the determination of paternity, as well as interviews with judges and prosecuting counsels all over the country. It is argued that judicial practices in the specific context of courtroom investigations of paternity reinforce gender inequalities in two interrelated ways. On the one hand, they are strengthened in the discursive practices performed during the course of the interactions between judges, prosecuting counsels and the mother of the child, as well as the alleged father. On the other hand, the normative model of family life and the dominant ideology of women’s and men’s relationships, which emphasise women’s socially subordinate position, are revealed by the selective use of DNA testing in paternity cases, based on the judge’s evaluation of the mother’s sexual behaviour. The article argues that legal attempts to establish the paternity of children born outside marriage—though based on novel technical and supposedly objective procedures—tend, nevertheless, to reproduce the prevailing patriarchal structures.

东北地区民营企业发育成长的经济环境——企业家视角的分析

东北地区的民营经济有待于进一步发展,而经济环境是影响其发育成长的重要因素。"融资难"是其中最大的问题,税费负担重、人才短缺也构成影响民营企业发展的瓶颈,其他诸问题还包括项目审批的繁琐及暗箱操作、产权不明晰、经营范围受限、市场壁垒、技术的引进及开发困难等等。对上述诸问题,拓宽民营经济的融资渠道是最重要的解决途径。同时,政府还应该致力于保障民营企业平等参与市场竞争的权利,帮助民营企业建立健全自我管理和相互合作的行业机构,推进民营企业自身的管理体制变革等等。     

Guest workers or unauthorized immigrants? The case of forest workers in the United States

This study examines regional differences in the legal status of forest workers in the Pacific Northwest and Southeastern United States, using United States Department of Labor data and qualitative fieldwork in Alabama and Oregon. The authors find that there are significantly fewer H-2B guest workers on federal lands in Oregon than on privately owned forest plantations in Alabama, and the Southeast more generally. By contrast, numerous workers on federal lands in Oregon are undocumented. This difference may largely be explained by variations in the economies of scale in forest work in the Pacific Northwest (federal lands) and the Southeast (mainly private lands). The study also finds that there is no real difference in the working conditions of undocumented immigrants and guest workers—both groups face labor exploitation. Guest workers in the forest industry, many of whom have no previous work experience or access to social networks in the United States, face extreme isolation at worksites, are beholden to contractors, fear losing their jobs if they complain, and are generally unaware of their basic rights. By contrast, many undocumented forest workers in Oregon belong to established social networks through which they are recruited onto forest labor crews. However, unauthorized workers are also vulnerable to labor exploitation because they fear deportation and are obliged to their kin-employers. Policy recommendations to improve labor conditions and enforce existing labor laws for all forest workers include: better tracking of workers across states to monitor labor abuses, allocating more resources to state labor departments to facilitate worker outreach and worksite inspections, and better communication among land management officials and the Department of Labor.

乡镇企业特殊劳动力产权机制的经济分析

乡镇企业发展的特殊市场环境形成了其特殊的治理模式和产权结构.与国有企业劳动力产权结构相比,乡镇企业的劳动力产权结构在剩余分配权、经营决策权、激励监督机制三方面有着明显的区别,这就形成了两者企业经济效率的差异.     

准行政行为研究

准行政行为是行政主体运用职权以观念表示的方式作出的间接产生行政法律效果的行政行为 ,具有行政行为的预备性、中间性及阶段性等特征 ;具体形态包括受理、登记、证明、确认、鉴定、通知、答复及咨询等 ;准行政行为原则上不可诉 ,具有可诉性的例外取决于其具体形态是否对相对人产生实际影响且没有其它救济方式可以利用。     

有关公民知情权的法律制度保障

知情权是现代民主国家公民的一项基本人权。在我国有关保障公民知情权的法律制度已初步建立。但是公民知情权宪法地位尚未明确;知情权法律保障制度还不能形成一个系统而完善的体系,其法律保障效力难以发挥。确立公民宪法和法律上的知情权,制定政府信息公开法是完善公民知情权法律保障制度的重要内容。     

论重大行政决策不作为责任追究中的权利救济

《重大行政决策程序暂行条例》对重大行政决策采用范畴列举而非内涵界定的立法模式未能解决何为重大行政决策的难题,概念界定的模糊性与责任追究的明确要求凸显重大行政决策不作为法律责任追究中权利救济的必要性。受制于权利救济立法规范的不足,重大行政决策不作为法律责任追究中受损的权利难以依据既有的立法规范获得所需的法律救济,需要完善权利救济立法规范,提供契合法治要求的权利救济立法依据,实现对重大行政决策不作为责任追究中受损权利的法律救济。