Civil Service Reform in Latin America: External Referents Versus Own Capacities

In the context of state reform and democratisation in Latin America, reinforcing public institutions becomes critical to sustaining and consolidating realised gains. In this area, civil service reforms are critical. But civil service reform initiatives in Latin American countries were designed with different degrees of compatibility with countries’ administrative traditions and with the role played by the civil service within the political system. The results of different initiatives are described in a brief review of six key features of nine Latin American civil services. Discussion of these results allows us to draw conclusions about the capacity to generate learning dynamics. A new conception of the civil service and its role in the political system appears more evident, unless the required political consensus for implementing and consolidating the new reform strategy for most Latin American public administrations is not confirmed.     

寻求合法性——浅析英国现代警察制度的建立根据

现代警察制度的建立必须有其经过充分论证的合法性根据;对于英国这样一个有着浓厚保守主义传统的国家来说,此项根据必须能够具体涵盖保障公民自由及地方自治。通过帕特里克.柯洪的详细理论阐释以及罗伯特.皮尔所推动通过的《大都市警察法》及其一系列建警、警务原则,现代警察制度的合法性根据得以成功构筑。     

立法后评估主体制度刍议——以地方行政立法后评估为范本

立法后评估是了解立法效果,提高立法水平的重要手段,评估主体制度是其中一项重要内容。通过对制度设计原则、主体分类的研究,以及国内外实践的比较,我国应当将立法机关确立为地方行政立法后评估的评估单位,并科学设定后评估的参与者,以确保立法后评估达成预期效果。     

THE EFFECTS OF LOCAL LAW ENFORCEMENT BLOCK GRANTS ON SERIOUS CRIME*

Research Summary The Local Law Enforcement Block Grants (LLEBG) Program was second only to the Community‐Oriented Policing Services (COPS) Program in its funding levels. Some $3 billion was dispensed to local jurisdictions to reduce crime and improve public safety; yet the effects of LLEBG funding on crime have been all but ignored. Accordingly, panel data from more than 5,000 cities covering a 12‐year period (1990–2001) were collected, and index crime rates were regressed on LLEBG funding and appropriate demographic controls. Additional controls for police levels and other federal grants were also introduced, proper checks for endogeneity of grants (and police levels) were performed, and the models were subjected to an array of robustness checks. A consistent message emerged: LLEBG Program funding was associated with significant reductions in serious crime. Policy Implications Although LLEBG funding seemed to reduce serious crime, the results also revealed that the decrease did not occur through the hiring of additional police officers, even though many funds were used for that purpose. Other mechanisms were thus at work, but the data did not provide insights into what these mechanisms were. In any case, every $1 in LLEBG funding per capita was associated with approximately 59 fewer index crimes per 100,000 people. When combined with the findings from recent studies of the effects of community policing grants on crime, this study suggests additional federal support for local law‐enforcement agencies should be considered.     

国家与社会的协同发展——中国地方治理发展的新趋势

综合考察当今中国各地的地方治理，我们会发现一种新的趋势正在出现：一方面，国家权力在向基层社会延伸，并在地方治理中产生了较好的效果；另一方面，基层社会自主性逐步加强，基层社会力量对国家权力的制约和监督逐步加强并规范。这一新的趋势表明，基层国家权力和社会力量协同发展的关系正在形成，良好的中国地方治理，既需要有力高效的政府，也需要一个较强自主性的社会力量。     

在地化的神明崇祀——以爪哇华神泽海真人为例

郭六官是清朝时期的一位印尼华侨商人,由于他的英雄事迹,被乾隆皇帝敕封为“泽海真人”,并在爪哇地区被奉祀为贸易和渔民的主要保护神,成为华人和爪哇人共同崇拜的神明。对于这个外来者成为本地神的案例,文章试图通过定性描述和民族志研究方法,从中找出这种神明崇祀本土化与在地化发展之间的联系。结论是:自古以来,爪哇人与华人在神明崇祀的哲学思维和具体实践中具有相似之处。通过华人的努力,来自于中国的本土神,获得了在地神的身份,并成为在地的保护神,神明崇祀出现了一种文化糅合的形态。     

努力培养适应农村工作的大学生村官

实现大学生村官和农村工作的无缝对接,需要从源头上提高大学生对新农村建设的适应性,也就是要重视高校母体对大学生村官素质的培育工作。为此,要加强思想教育,培养大学生立志建设农村的情感;设置就业指导课,使大学生通过课堂了解党和国家的农业农村政策;通过暑期社会实践活动,使大学生实地感受农村生活;建立大学生与农村农民联系制度,促进大学生岗前转型;将农民代表请进课堂,使大学生不断加深对农村的了解。     

The political effects of referendums: An analysis of institutional innovations in Eastern and Central Europe

Theory suggests that the political effects of referendums should vary according to the institutional provisions that allow for direct involvement of citizens in decision-making. Relying on extant theoretical models the paper proposes initial tests of some implications for the newly democratized countries in Eastern and Central Europe. The constitutions of these countries distinguish themselves by a wide variety of institutional provisions for referendums. Taking advantage of this increased variance, the paper demonstrates effects of different institutional provisions on policy outcomes, which, so far, have only been demonstrated at the sub-national level, for example, in the United States and Switzerland.     

浅谈高校改革中的思想政治工作

随着改革开放的深入发展和社会主义市场经济体制的逐步建立,社会对人才素质提出了更高要求。高等教育要充分有效地发挥思想政治的服务和保证功能,才能适应形势发展需要。     

构建有公安特色的校园文化为公安队伍培养创新型人才

公安院校的校园文化是在公安院校校园特定的时空条件下,积淀形成的文化氛围,是公安院校创新人才培养的核心和灵魂,是公安院校重要的教育资源。公安院校要认真寻求开展好具有公安院校特色的校园文化教育体系,注重培养公安一线的创新人才。