建立我国民事公益诉讼制度的若干问题思考

随着我国食品安全、环境污染、公共设施致人损害等社会问题层出不穷,公共利益的保护越来越受到人们的重视,仅依靠政府管理、舆论监督以及传统的民事及行政诉讼等方式,已经不足以保护社会公众利益,更不能及时发现及解决损害公共利益的行为,如何利用有限的司法资源最大限度的保护社会公共利益,如何充分发挥和实现每一个公民保护公众利益的权利是值得我们认真思考的问题。本文拟从建立我国民事公益诉讼的几个重要问题提出设想,以期建立一种行之有效的公益保护途径。     

论微博时代民主党派的角色定位

作为一种新兴网络沟通技术手段,微博的出现改变着互联网的舆论格局,并对中国社会产生深刻的影响。微博时代已悄然来临,但作为参政党的各民主党派,在微博时代中的角色定位却仍不够清晰,并不能完全适应当前网络民主发展的需要。如何通过微博拓展民主党派政治参与的渠道,提升参政议政的能力,使之明确在微博时代中的角色定位,需要更多的思考。     

Voting Advice Applications and the Estimation of Party Positions – A Reliable Tool?

Data contained in Voting Advice Applications (VAA s) is not only a prerequisite for the vote recommendations they provide but can also be used for estimating party positions in low‐dimensional spaces. Given that VAA s can be designed differently in terms of their number of items and their measurement level, how much can one trust the party positions obtained from this source? We tackle this question by exploiting relevant variation in a real‐world setting: three VAA s offered at the 2017 Lower Saxony election. Despite substantial design differences, the policy spaces extracted through an inductive scaling approach are highly convergent. Simulated random item removal from the pooled dataset of all three VAA s furthermore suggests that about 40 items yield satisfactory reliability of the party positions. Finally, we find that a priori assigning VAA ‐items to ideological dimensions is potentially problematic as the interpretation of resulting party spaces may differ from the ones derived inductively.     

Demotic humanitarians: historical perspectives on the global reach of local initiatives, 1940–2017

Abstract

This article focuses on over 70 years of demotic humanitarianism from a grassroots perspective. Using the archives of Hudfam and Elizabeth Wilson as well as more recent oral history of local nongovernmental organisations in the West Yorkshire region of the United Kingdom, this paper seeks to cast a new light on the complex network of humanitarianism enabled by local groups. The concept of demotic humanitarians will be used here to denote the modest scale of this work, but also the humanitarians’ self-perception as local agents of internationalism acting within localised networks. From the creation of Hudfam in 1942 (before Oxfam but in Huddersfield) to the birth of the Christian African Relief Trust or local partnerships with Ghana, this article shows how entangled in other social and political initiatives demotic humanitarians were.     

Raising a big tent: Internal party composition and leadership selectorate expansion

The trend amongst many parties toward the inclusion of rank-and-file members in the leadership selection process has often been attributed to opposition status and electoral defeat. However, these explanations are typical events for parties and hardly seem sufficient for party elites to willingly cede their authority over the selection of party leaders. This paper proposes that the electoral regionalization of the party contributes to the decision to expand the leadership selectorate. In the event a party is defeated to an extent in which their support is reduced to its regional base, this situation necessitates the bringing in of new voices to avoid further marginalization. This paper finds that regionalization plays a significant role in the decision of parties to expand leadership selectorates and that the role of opposition status and electoral setbacks have been overstated.     

保障当事人诉讼权利的基本课题

在司法文明指数报告中,考察当事人诉讼权利的基本思路,包括设计二级指标和测试题目两方面内容。通过分析指数报告,可以发现当事人诉讼权利的保障情况总体不佳。保障当事人诉讼权利,应当强调发挥法院的作用;而未来改革的基本课题,包括如何防止权力主体滥用自由裁量权,以及如何为权力主体依法行使职权提供必要的外部保障。     

论国际投资法的外交保护制度

国际投资法中的外交保护是指本国国民在国外遭受损害,依该外国国内法程序得不到救济时,本国可以通过外交手段向该国要求适当的救济。外交保护作为一项传统的国际投资争端解决机制,曾是一种主要的解决投资争端的方法,但是随着国际投资争端法律解决机制的完善,外交保护失去了其原有的地位。并且遭到发展中国家的反对,甚至在卡尔沃条款出现之后一度引发了其效力的争议。     

我国地方政府绩效评估指标数据仓库的代表性对象选取和构建——以江苏四市为研究点

在中国这样的大国,各个地区之间在自然、地理、历史、社会等很多方面千差万别,由于这种异质性的存在,地方政府绩效评估指标的设计是一项噪音很多的系统工程,利用数据挖掘技术建设绩效指标数据仓库并进行挖掘可以有效解决这种异质性问题。论文首先通过标准比的形式,探讨了如何在我国筛选研究对象问题,然后通过将数据挖掘引入政府绩效评估指标设计研究,并以Microsoft SQL Server 2005作为数据挖掘软件,以江苏四市(苏州、南京、盐城、徐州)作为研究对象,在处理国家统计年鉴、地方统计年鉴、部门统计年鉴、政府及其各部门的工作计划与方案、工作记录等海量信息的基础上建立了四市的数据仓库,为进一步进行指标挖掘打下了基础。     

我国地方政府职能优化的深层探析

20世纪80年代之后,随着新公共管理、治理、新公共服务理论的兴起,西方发达国家相继进行了地方政府改革与职能转变。改革开放之后,随着社会主义市场经济体制的确立,我国也相应调整了政府职能。但是现实中地方政府职能还存在着许多的问题,亟需优化与改善。以服务型政府为目标导向,从制度、组织、技术层面探索地方政府职能优化的路径。     

Issues of local ownership in Kosovo’s security sector

Local ownership represents an overarching concept in international development. However, its core principles have been occasionally neglected in the practice of state-building such as in the case of Kosovo. This paper explores relations between the international community and local actors in the process of Kosovo security sector development after 2008, when the country declared its independence. This article finds that externally-driven models were imposed in some phases of security sector development. The actions of the international community disregarded the local context and created distrust by the local actors. The study relies on extensive face-to-face interviews with relevant national and international stakeholders, a public opinion survey with a sample of 1102 respondents, focus group and personal observation.