西方犯罪学史略(中)

西方犯罪学史展示了人类对犯罪认识的变化过程和斗争状况,为人类同犯罪作斗争提供了历史经验与启示,向人类传播了犯罪学领域的丰富知识,具有重要的理论意义和实践意义。西方犯罪学史的阶段划分可以分为两种:一种是根据犯罪研究有一个长期的过去来划分,可分为报复、威吓、博爱、科学四个时代;另一种是根据犯罪学有一个短期的历史,即其学科萌芽、形成、创立和发展的历史过程按学派年代先后来划分,可分为以18世纪的古典犯罪学派为代表的历史阶段、以19世纪的实证犯罪学派为代表的历史阶段和以20世纪现代犯罪学派为代表的历史阶段等等。     

农民权益维护视阈下的反租倒包流转模式研究

目前，中国理论界、实务界和国家相关政策法规在反租倒包上存在“支持说”与“反对说”两种观点。该文提出，反租倒包是制度创新的产物，是农民意思自治的成果，没有损害农民的流转主体地位和承包权益，亦未违背《农村土地承包法》等相关法律的规定。应尊重农民的创造权，完善相关的法律法规，赋予反租倒包应有的法律地位。     

我国毒驾规制的行政法反思

毒驾问题是继醉驾问题后又一个公共话题。在未经由行政法规制而将毒驾直接入刑的做法是与现代刑法谦抑主义相悖的,基于此,我国毒驾规制采用行政规制手段,并体现在事先性驾驶禁止的法规范之中。这种"以权利换管理"的规制模式直接违反我国《禁毒法》的相应规定,且对毒驾问题采用行政事先审查办法予以解决,这不符合行政许可的一般法理,也不符合实践的发展需要。因此,毒驾规制的重心应当实现从行政事先强制性禁止向事后的行政严惩转变。     

变革中“思源”与“思进”的思考

邓小平理论的伟大旗帜,党的社会主义初级阶段基本路线,中国特色的社会主义道路,党中央的坚强领导,全国人民的团结奋斗是致富的本源。“富而思进”要富而不骄,富而不奢、富而不浮、富而不惰。     

司法心理测试在侦破内盗案件中的应用

在对司法心理测试进行的实验研究和现场研究中,司法心理测试用于侦破内盗案件成功率很高,内盗案件的性质及测试条件适合使用心理测试技术,被测人所处地位以及劝导说服式的测后谈话对被测人的心理影响很大。     

试论非婚生子女的家庭法律保护

随着人们婚育观念的变化,非婚生子女出生数量不断增加,强化对这一社会弱势群体的法律保护,是新时期立法的重点。应用"亲生子女"取消非婚生子女这一歧视性概念,建立非婚生子女的认领制度,解决非婚生子女生父的确认问题;扩大我国现有对继父母、继子女概念的解释,将非婚生子女与父或母的配偶关系,确定为继父母子女关系;规定非婚生子女生父或生母对子女的探望权,另一方的协助义务。     

Women and War

Susan Hill's novel The Woman in Black (1983) is a radical example of women's Gothic horror. It is a popular ghost story that has been successfully adapted for the London stage. In addition, it offers a social critique of motherhood and contemporary rhetoric surrounding the family. Scullion interprets the novel from several critical perspectives: feminist, psychological, biographical, generic and intertextual. Principally, however, she offers a reading of the novel that engages with its immediate historical context. The contention is that Hill's novel mediates women's anxieties about motherhood and autonomy during the early 1980s when the institution of the family in Britain was an ideological battleground. Set primarily during the 1860s, The Woman in Black exposes Victorian hypocrisy towards the unmarried mother, and indirectly probes the quasi-Victorian values promulgated in the 1980s, during the first term of a Conservative right-wing government. The protagonist of the novel, the eponymous woman in black, resists the lot of the so-called fallen woman. In her physical form, she refuses to submit to Victorian patriarchal values by attempting to reclaim her illegitimate child. In spectral form, she repeatedly inflicts suffering on families by causing the death of their children. Her excessive revenge knows no compassion, and recognizes no boundaries of place and time. Her ghost is never laid to rest. Neither is order restored by the closing pages. Thus the novel, as well as being a popular ghost story, challenges assumptions about women's 'natural' acquiescence and their unconditionally generous responses to husbands, partners and children. Shaped by the social climate in which it was written, The Woman in Black suggests that mothers under extreme pressure have the potential, like any other members of the family, for cruelty to children. Through its forceful rejection of either idealized or derogatory stereotypes of women, this novel belongs to the genre of radical Gothic horror.     

From internationalism to the European Union: An ideological change in the Polish post-communist party?

The Polish post-communist party Social Democracy of the Republic of Poland (Socjaldemokracja Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej, SDRP) which survived almost unchanged in the dynamic Polish political scene of the 1990s was one of the leading political parties after 1989. This paper will attempt to explain the ideological journey, which has been taken by the former high-ranking Polish United Workers' Party members after 1989. Their journey seems to start at the point of internationalism and socialism and ends in the victorious battle to join the European Union. Was this a simple modernized adjustment of the internationalist ideology or an opportunistic choice made in order to survive in the new political and social circumstances? Was choosing a pro-EU policy a choice or a necessity? This analysis will attempt to answer the above questions and describe this phenomenon of change or may be just an ideological continuity.     

德国婚后扶养制度研究

根据德国2008年修订后的有关法律，离婚配偶可以因为照顾共同子女、年老、疾病、失业、收入差距、接受教育等原因请求扶养费，也可以基于公平原则请求扶养。公平原则不仅本身可以作为扶养费请求权的基础，同时也是确定扶养费具体数额的标准。扶养费必须满足权利人全部的生活需要，同时兼顾婚姻中的生活状况。提供扶养费的前提是保证义务人自身的供养，以免其本身成为扶养请求权的权利人，同时还要扣除权利人本身的收入。如果扶养义务人同时向多人承担扶养义务，应该按照法律规定的顺位，优先满足未成年子女的扶养费。为了实现个案中的公平原则，德国2008年立法改革对于扶养请求权设定了限制，包括时间上的限制和数额上的限制。此外，为了达到公平的目的，法律规定了8种重大不公的情况，在这些情况下，扶养义务人可以免除其扶养责任。     

事后抢劫的共犯论展开——以日本承继共犯及共犯与身份相关理论为视角

关于未参与盗窃行为也未事先共谋参与事后抢劫，只是偶然参与实施事后抢劫犯罪中的暴力、胁迫行为的人的责任问题，在日本有根据承继的共犯理论和共犯与身份理论加以解决的两种思路。但根据因果关系理论、因果共犯论以及部分犯罪共同说，应认为后来参与者只应对暴行、胁迫行为负责，而不应承担事后抢劫的共犯的责任。