Factors that influence death penalty support among university students in Bosnia and Herzegovina

Bosnia and Herzegovina (BiH) became an independent nation state in 1992 and abolished the death penalty six years later. Little is known about how Bosnians view the death penalty. This study addresses this gap in the literature. Utilizing self-reported survey data collected from 440 university students enrolled at the University of Sarajevo in 2009, we assess the degree of support for the death penalty and what factors predict this support among university students in BiH. Drawing from the broader punitivity literature, the following correlates are considered: individual characteristics (e.g. age and sex), individual experiences (e.g. fear of crime and prior victimization) and philosophical attitudes pertaining to punishment (e.g. deterrence, retribution, modernity and indifference). Among the students surveyed, roughly half (52.7%) were in support of the death penalty. Results from a series of multivariate statistical analyses reveals that only philosophical attitudes predict death penalty support after controlling for important individual characteristics and experiences. Theoretical and practical implications of these findings are discussed.     

扩大党的群众基础三论

具有广泛的群众基础是保证共产党执政地位的必要条件。不断扩大党的群众基础是深刻总结党80多年来领导革命、建设和改革的历史经验作出的正确决策。扩大党的群众基础不会改变党的工人阶级先锋队性质。而准确理解和在实际工作中正确把握扩大党的群众基础,必须科学认识新的社会阶层中的广大人员也是中国特色社会主义事业的建设者;必须准确把握判断人们政治上先进与落后的标准;必须积极和稳妥地吸收新的社会阶层中的优秀分子入党。     

试论现代商人法的适用

现代商人法作为国际商事实践中产生并逐渐成熟起来的"自治性"法律体系或法律部门,顺应了国际商事关系发展的客观需要,并展现出日渐蓬勃的生命力。而对于其适用,在理论与实践中尚有诸多争议,学者及国际社会以及各国立法与司法上态度有许多不同。通过考察理论上与实践中对待现代商人法的态度,分析了现代商人法适用条件和途径以及其适用中产生的冲突和解决冲突的办法。     

基于大规模定制思想的高等教育培养模式研究

本文从有关概念出发，分析了教育的标准化和个性化，及两者之间的矛盾。借鉴制造业的“大规模定制”思想，提出了教育大规模定制的培养模式，展开了相关的讨论，认为客户定制是关键，模块化的课程结构是教育大规模定制的基础。     

群众环境中共同情绪倾向的形成及后果

群体性事件的形成有着多方面的原因和条件,是社会生活中多种因素相互作用的结果。在群众环境中,产生群众性行为的直接原因是较为一致的群众情绪倾向。即在外界因素刺激下,群众环境中出现的明显的、一致的心理状态和情感趋向。这种共同情绪倾向是群体性事件产生的动力。     

A multivariate investigation of dating aggression

This study investigated the following variables for their unique and combined contributions to dating aggression: exposure to aggression in the family of origin (witnessing interparental aggression or being the victim of aggressive parenting); attitudes justifying dating aggression (when humiliated or in selfdefense); child-to-parent aggression; child sexual abuse; violent sexual victimization; alcohol use; and socioeconomic status. One hundred and eleven male and 179 female undergraduates reported on their own aggressive behaviors directed toward dating partners. Together, the predictor variables accounted for 41% of the variance in male-to-female aggression but only 16% of the female-to-male aggression. Humiliation, as a justification for dating aggression, contributes to the prediction of both males' and females' dating aggression, while self-defense, although a highly endorsed condition for justifying dating aggression, does not predict actual aggressive behavior. Exposure to interparental aggression plus the product between exposure and humiliation contribute to the prediction of males' dating aggression but exposure does not play a role in females' dating aggression. Violent sexual victimization contributes unique variance to both males' and females' dating aggression. The present data highlight the importance of examining specific circumstances under which males and females justify dating aggression and how such attitudes condoning aggression affect actual behaviors.     

吴地民俗的历史转型及其心态特征演变

吴地民俗是中国地域民俗文化中一种具有典型意义的形态。在经历了古代、近代与现代三个重要的历史发展阶段以后,它逐渐完成了由传统农业型向现代工商型的转变过程。这一过程实质上反映了当地民众社会心态上的诸多变化,深刻地表现了他们在价值取向上从重农轻商、重义轻利转变为重商轻农、重利轻义;在文化心理上从封闭保守、安土重迁转变为开放进取、走向世界;在处世态度上从勤俭节约、朴实厚道转变为奢靡享乐、灵活善变等等的心理演变趋势。     

A Comparison of Chinese and US College Students’ Crime and Crime Control Views

While there is a growing trend to look at criminal justice issues from an international perspective, there has been little literature examining differences in views of crime, criminals, punishment, and treatment between the citizens of the People’s Republic of China and the United States of America. Using data from 524 students at a large university in China and 484 students from a large public university in the USA this study found that, while US respondents were more likely to agree that crime was high in their country, Chinese respondents were more likely to feel that crime was the most serious social problem facing their society. Chinese respondents were more supportive of the death penalty for serious crimes but also were more supportive of rehabilitation of offenders in general. In addition, the study found similarities between students from the two countries in their views. The reasons behind the differences and similarities were explored.

Implicit and Explicit Stereotyping of Adolescents

Although adolescents are commonly assumed to be rebellious, risky and moody, two experiments demonstrate for the first time that these beliefs operate both explicitly and implicitly as stereotypes. In Experiment 1, participants (a) explicitly endorsed adolescent stereotypes and (b) implicitly associated adolescent stereotyped words more rapidly with the adolescent than the adult social category. Individual differences in the explicit endorsement of adolescent stereotypes predicted explicit perceptions of the rebelliousness of a 17-year-old but not a 71-year-old, although individual differences in implicit stereotyping did not. Identification with adults was associated with greater implicit stereotyping but not explicit stereotyping. In Experiment 2, subliminal exposure to adolescent stereotyped words increased subsequent perceptions of the rebelliousness of a 17-year-old but not a 71-year-old. Although individual differences in implicit adolescent stereotyping did not predict explicit evaluations of adolescents, stereotypes of adolescents nevertheless influenced explicit evaluations unconsciously and unintentionally.