《民法典·婚姻家庭编》之我见

尽管 2 0 0 1年《婚姻法》(修正案 )取得了可喜的进步 ,但作为一个阶段性、过渡性的立法措施 ,其制度性的缺失以及内容的失之过简 ,难于操作 ,使其仍然有很大的修改空间。民法的法典化为婚姻法的第二步修订提供了极好的机会。完善婚姻家庭法就应当按照法律规范的科学性、前瞻性、实用性 ,全面、系统地对婚姻家庭关系的各项制度作出明确具体的规定 ,而非该制度的纲要性规范。     

Transformation: the Progression of Immigration Petitions for Transgender Spouses

U.S. citizens who marry foreign nationals may petition for their spouses so that the couple can reside permanently together in the United States. The guidelines set forth in the U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services Adjudicator's Field Manual provide guidance to immigration officials for determining whether to grant or deny spousal petitions. Previously, the Adjudicator's Field Manual imposed a requirement that transgender individuals undergo costly and dangerous sex reassignment surgery in order to qualify as married for the purposes of a spousal petition. However, revisions to the Adjudicator's Field Manual issued in April 2012 provide transgender binational couples the opportunity to remain together in the United States without forcing one partner to undergo sex reassignment surgery. Given the history of discrimination against transgender individuals under U.S. immigration law, these revisions are a significant step in equality for transgender couples. Although these revisions provide many transgender binational couples with a means to remain together in the United States, this Note proposes that, to continue on the path toward equality for transgender couples, special guidelines should not be applied to marriages involving transgender partners if their marriage is deemed a valid heterosexual marriage in the state where solemnized. The goals of U.S. immigration law and compliance with the federal definition of marriage can be achieved without implementing individualized guidelines for transgender binational couples.

Key Points for the Family Court Community:
• Transgender spouses of a binational couple should not be subjected to additional guidelines when submitting spousal petitions that, if granted, would afford the couple the opportunity to reside together in the United States
• Transgender individuals should not be subjected to disparate treatment solely because the U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services seeks to enforce discriminatory provisions of the Defense of Marriage Act
• A marriage should be recognized by immigration law if it is a valid marriage under the law of the state where the marriage was celebrated
• In order to achieve U.S. immigration law's mission of family unification, nontraditional couples should be afforded the same opportunity to remain together in the United States without additional scrutiny

     

在华的印尼新娘:商品化婚姻、人口贩卖与骗婚

印尼在华的合约新娘问题引起了中国、印尼政府与社会的广泛关注。中印尼经济发展的差距、非法中介谋求暴利和印尼新娘对富裕生活的向往,成为在华印尼新娘群体日益扩大的动因。在华的印尼新娘问题并不是单一的社会问题,其中杂糅了商品化婚姻、人口贩卖和婚姻诈骗等问题,处理起来千头万绪,十分棘手。稍有不慎,极有可能成为第二个"印尼的中国劳工问题"。因此,在解决在华的印尼新娘问题时,中国应完善涉外婚姻法,加强与印尼的合作,严厉打击从事非法涉外婚姻介绍的个人或组织,严厉惩治人口贩卖,及时解救被贩人员,建立健全跨国婚姻纠纷应对机制,尽快形成两国婚姻信息的互通机制及查询制度,共同扩建自由婚姻领域,促进跨国婚姻的和谐稳定。     

建国初期婚姻制度改革研究

婚姻制度是规范男女两性关系和家庭关系的一种法律制度 ,婚姻关系处在社会生活的表层 ,是社会变迁的指示器。建国初期是中国从传统社会向现代化社会过渡最为剧烈的时期 ,这一时期的我国婚姻制度改革体现了由家庭本位到个人本位的过渡 ,婚姻制度改革对普通民众的生活和社会发展产生了极大的影响     

Does knowledge diffusion between university and industry increase innovativeness?

This paper presents an econometric analysis of the impact of collaboration with universities on the innovative output of firms. We also illustrate the differences that emerge from robustness checks, based on different matching estimators and samples. Our findings strongly suggest that university collaboration has a positive influence on the innovative activity of large manufacturing firms. In contrast, there appears to be an insignificant association between university collaboration and the average service firm’s innovation output.     

Sex and the genuine marriage: consummation and conjugality in Canadian citizenship

The idea of consummation as definitive of a marriage seems antiquated today. Yet, consummation operates as a central criterion in determinations of a ‘genuine marriage’ in Canadian immigration law. Drawing on the marriage and migration literature, theorizations of sexual citizenship, and critical multiculturalism, we explore recent judicial considerations of consummation in Canadian family sponsorship adjudications. We searched the CanLII database (a Canadian database of legislation and judicial records) for the keywords ‘non-consummation’ and ‘genuine marriage’ and identified 68 cases. Of these cases, three primary themes emerged: the use of consummation as a ‘technology of love’ – a requirement for assessing the authenticity of the spousal relationship and hence the worthiness of sponsorship; the discursive construction of sexual and gendered norms in expectations around marital intimacy, and the articulation of liberal tolerance and the cultural other in the assessments of genuine marriages among primarily racialized Canadians or permanent residents and their foreign spouses. We challenge these discursive narratives and conclude by arguing that instead of consummation as the basis for genuine marriage, the Law Commission of Canada’s ‘close personal relationship’ model is a better way to assess the ‘genuineness’ of relationships for determining Canadian citizenship.     

婚约及彩礼返还的法律分析

婚约现象在我国特别是农村仍然大量存在,但我国法律未将婚约纳入调整的范畴。文章探讨了婚姻的性质,并分析了婚约解除后财礼的返还问题。     

中越边民跨国婚姻法律问题探析

中越边民的跨国婚姻自古以来就存在,因为他们地域相连,文化相似,语言相通.随着中国改革开放、睦邻友好政策的进一步实施,这种跨国婚姻必定越来越多.目前,这种跨国婚姻还存在办理结婚登记手续难、申请加入国籍难、加入户籍难等问题.这些问题给家庭、社会带来诸多影响.要解决这些问题,有必要采取系列措施,尤其是在法制方面进行一系列完善.     

凉山彝族婚姻习惯法及其司法实践的合理性运用

随着经济的发展,凉山彝族的婚姻习惯法也在不断的蜕变当中,全面掌握彝族婚姻习惯法现状对彝区法律工作具有十分重要的意义.彝族婚姻习惯法的主要原则包括:同族内婚、家支外婚、等级内婚.其许多方面都与我国的法律原则相背离.我们应就凉山彝族习惯法与国家制定法的调适和司法实践的合理性运用进行探索.     

现代化背景下的中国婚姻制度模式

婚姻是家庭的法制保障,人类繁衍的基础。中国传统的婚姻具有他主性、压女性、传嗣性等特征。在社会主义现代化的进程中,传统的婚姻观念和婚姻模式受到了强烈的冲击。在这一冲击中我国现代的婚姻制度呈现了良好的局面,但是也存在着一定的负面效应。因此,我们要在发挥其积极性的同时,也必须将其消极影响降到最低点。使现代的婚姻更加注重平等、自由、忠诚与和谐。