浅析离婚过错损害赔偿

离婚损害赔偿制度,是我国《婚姻法》确立的一项重要制度。离婚损害赔偿构成要件有:1、配偶一方有侵害另一方的过错行为;2、有损害配偶权的事实;3、违法行为与损害事实之间有因果关系;4、行为人存在过失。意义:有利于婚姻、家庭的稳定;保护当事人的合法权益;有利于健全和完善我国的婚姻家庭制度。     

离婚诉权不平等之检讨——兼评我国《婚姻法》第34条

男女离婚诉权平等是平等的要求.在妇女怀孕期间、分娩后一年内和中止妊娠后六个月内限制男方离婚诉权不利于对女方、男方、子女权益和社会整体利益的保护,也违背了婚姻法自身体系的一致性,其实施效果也极差;它是计划经济体制下漠视诉权、固守传统婚恋观念、固守厌讼观念的产物.<婚姻法>第34条应废除.     

如何科学评估公共政策? ——政策评估中的反事实框架及匹配方法的应用

公共决策科学化依赖于科学的公共政策评估。随着国外公共政策评估研究越来越依赖于旨在评估政策因果效应的因果推断方法,国内公共政策学者也开始进行初步尝试,但是如何有效选择和运用因果推断方法开展政策评估研究仍有待系统梳理。本文介绍了公共政策评估方法的反事实框架,精确定义了公共政策的因果效应。在此基础上,本文将匹配方法总结为距离测算与配对两个步骤,并详细阐述了协变量匹配、粗糙完全匹配、马氏距离匹配、倾向值匹配和熵平衡匹配的原理,比较了不同方法的优势与劣势。结合公共政策评估的前沿实证研究,本文介绍了如何具体运用匹配方法进行政策评估研究。本文还探讨了应用匹配方法的注意事项,包括匹配方法的适用性、匹配与回归的关系、匹配方法对样本数量的要求及是否允许放回等。     

建国初期与婚姻家庭相关的妇女死亡问题探析

建国初期《婚姻法》颁布后,广大妇女婚姻自主的正义要求遭到了封建婚姻家庭制度的顽强抵抗,致使数万名妇女因而自杀或被杀。贯彻《婚姻法》运动的普遍开展,不仅制止了广大妇女因自杀或被杀而导致的死亡问题,而且形成了男女平等、民主和睦的良好社会风气,为未来新型的社会主义婚姻家庭制度的建立奠定了基础。     

试论近代少数民族婚姻形态的宗法性

婚姻是人类生理、心理发展和繁衍后代的自然需要,是构成家庭、产生宗族的基础.我国近代少数民族的婚姻形态,处处渗透着宗法的色彩和内容,反映了宗法的族权、父权、夫权、神权在少数民族家庭婚姻生活中起着决定性的作用,体现出浓厚的宗法性.     

我国婚姻家庭法的变革与局限

我国2001年颁布的《婚姻法》顺应经济社会发展婚姻家庭关系调整的需要,修改并发展了1980年颁布的《婚姻法》,构建了多元化的夫妻财产制度体系,建立了离婚救济制度,强化了对妇女权益、无过错配偶方和未成年子女利益的保护,形成了家事纠纷多元解决机制的雏形。但新《婚姻法》对夫妻约定财产制的设立、变更与效力等规定不够明确,现行离婚救济制度未达到预期的调整效果,未成年子女最大利益原则体现不够充分,家庭暴力的调查、预防与救助机制以及家事纠纷调解制度不够健全等诸多问题,仍有待进一步发展和完善。     

Natural population movement and marriage restrictions and hindrances in Styria in the 17th to 19th centuries

To marry has never been an egalitarian option or everybody's wish. There have always been calculations or considerations, structural or individual hindrances and even societal restrictions for individuals to get married despite wishing to do so. Without any doubt and apart from the debate on determination or love and free choice in former times, to marry has always been a societal event, a mutual relationship between personal wishes and societal environmental expectations.And apart from all the debates on paradoxes in modernization processes, it is clear that in pre-modern times societal marriage restrictions were widespread.It is very unlikely that people should have been forbidden to marry because they should not have sexual contacts, just for morality reasons. The keys have been considerations and calculations on reproductivity, economic and social resources, social and human capital. This paper deals with aggregated vital data from four parishes in Styria, Austria, covering the outgoing 17th century until the end of the 19th century, in order to detect hints of marriage restrictions.The paper proves the well-known variety of marriage systems in pre-industrial and pre-modern times. It supports the idea that the presence of marriage restrictions hindered population growth, but the absence of such restrictions did not automatically foster more societal transparency and developmental chances in a modern sense, as mortality and inequality were very strong factors in pre-modern agrarian societies. In the end, the question of marriage restrictions was apparently posed and answered by privileged groups.     

强制性婚姻家庭法律规范研究——以我国现行《婚姻法》文本为分析对象

民法学界通说认为,婚姻家庭法是私法,是民法的组成部分。但是,从法律体系架构的角度考察,婚姻家庭法并非只是私法。法律体系公法与私法的划分并非绝对,二者互为关联、互相影响。以我国现行《婚姻法》文本为分析对象,可知强制性婚姻家庭法律规范占绝大部分;国家公权力介入婚姻家庭,维护弱者的权益相当必要。因此,有必要转换思路,突破传统思维定势,确认婚姻家庭法是公私混合法的性质,以求符合婚姻家庭的基本价值与功能。     

‘Mixt marriages’: Ethnic and Religious Intermarriage among German-Speakers in Eighteenth-Century Pennsylvania

ABSTRACT

Civil and religious authorities in eighteenth-century America grew increasingly concerned over the freedom with which young people chose their marriage partners. Correlating racial, religious and cultural similarity in marriage to a stable society, these authorities attempted to limit marriage and sexual choices by requiring parental authority for marriage, distributing permits to a select few to perform marriages, and criminalizing racial miscegenation. Eighteenth-century Pennsylvania German authorities supported this attitude because they associated ethnic and religious out-marriage with the weakening of the body and the destruction of society. My study uses the marriage and birth records of eighteenth-century Pennsylvania Germans to examine their marriage and sexual relationships. I discovered that Pennsylvania Germans overwhelmingly chose to marry other German-speakers, out of proportion with their population. By examining the then available works on marriage and procreation, I discovered that Pennsylvania Germans read works that emphasized the necessity and importance of intra-ethnic and religious sex and marriage for the health of their children. Pennsylvania Germans chose their marriage partners in alignment with their community’s attitudes towards those of other ethnicities and religions. A small data set further suggests that relationships with non-Germans occurred but rarely became formalized. This complicates what we know about the sexual and emotional revolutions in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries; far from a linear progression of attitudes towards sex, marriage, and others, eighteenth-century Pennsylvania Germans expressed multiple, contextually-driven perspectives, and in the process they created and maintained strong ethnic communities.     

其他重大过错导致离婚损害赔偿的立法解释

《婚姻法》第46条严格限制离婚损害赔偿的过错情形,由此引发因制度供给的法定理由不足、离婚损害赔偿的性质不明、权利救济不充分导致的司法裁判路径混乱.我国离婚损害赔偿本质上是配偶一方因过错行为违反婚姻契约导致离婚而产生的违约损害赔偿责任.在解释《民法典·婚姻家庭编》第1091条新增的有其他重大过错时,既要充分发挥离婚损害赔...