Natural population movement and marriage restrictions and hindrances in Styria in the 17th to 19th centuries

To marry has never been an egalitarian option or everybody's wish. There have always been calculations or considerations, structural or individual hindrances and even societal restrictions for individuals to get married despite wishing to do so. Without any doubt and apart from the debate on determination or love and free choice in former times, to marry has always been a societal event, a mutual relationship between personal wishes and societal environmental expectations.And apart from all the debates on paradoxes in modernization processes, it is clear that in pre-modern times societal marriage restrictions were widespread.It is very unlikely that people should have been forbidden to marry because they should not have sexual contacts, just for morality reasons. The keys have been considerations and calculations on reproductivity, economic and social resources, social and human capital. This paper deals with aggregated vital data from four parishes in Styria, Austria, covering the outgoing 17th century until the end of the 19th century, in order to detect hints of marriage restrictions.The paper proves the well-known variety of marriage systems in pre-industrial and pre-modern times. It supports the idea that the presence of marriage restrictions hindered population growth, but the absence of such restrictions did not automatically foster more societal transparency and developmental chances in a modern sense, as mortality and inequality were very strong factors in pre-modern agrarian societies. In the end, the question of marriage restrictions was apparently posed and answered by privileged groups.     

性别失衡背景下中国农村人口的婚姻策略与婚姻质量——对X市和全国百村调查的分析

本文利用2009年X市农村流动人口调查和2010年全国百村调查数据,从性别、出生队列、人口流动与区域视角综合分析性别失衡下农村人口的婚姻策略和婚姻质量状况。分析发现,男性婚姻挤压对农村人口婚姻策略的影响初露端倪,明显降低了婚姻质量,城乡人口流动对农村人口婚姻的正负影响相互交织,男性婚姻挤压对婚姻影响的地区差异逐步加大。     

建国初期与婚姻家庭相关的妇女死亡问题探析

建国初期《婚姻法》颁布后,广大妇女婚姻自主的正义要求遭到了封建婚姻家庭制度的顽强抵抗,致使数万名妇女因而自杀或被杀。贯彻《婚姻法》运动的普遍开展,不仅制止了广大妇女因自杀或被杀而导致的死亡问题,而且形成了男女平等、民主和睦的良好社会风气,为未来新型的社会主义婚姻家庭制度的建立奠定了基础。     

Adopting Same-Sex Unions in Catholic Malta: Pointing the Finger at ‘Europe’

In 2013 the Maltese Labour Party returned to power after 15 years in opposition, securing the single largest majority in the island's post-independence history and on a platform promising civil unions for same-sex couples. Asking how LGBT (lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender) rights became mainstream in a country synonymous with Catholicism, the article examines whether the adoption of the Civil Union Act is the culmination of ten years of European Union membership. Employing concepts of policy and institutional fit as well as social constructivist theories of elite socialisation and epistemic communities, it concludes that while policy fit accounts for the introduction of equality laws, the Civil Union Act depended on the social democrats' need to retake the progressive agenda. Elite socialisation – particularly among Members of the European Parliament – helped reframe the issue, encouraging the party to adopt this policy while the Europeanisation of the LGBT lobby reminded the social democrats that the LGBT minority, long hidden and browbeaten by Church teaching, now sought recognition and equality.     

我国婚姻家庭法的变革与局限

我国2001年颁布的《婚姻法》顺应经济社会发展婚姻家庭关系调整的需要,修改并发展了1980年颁布的《婚姻法》,构建了多元化的夫妻财产制度体系,建立了离婚救济制度,强化了对妇女权益、无过错配偶方和未成年子女利益的保护,形成了家事纠纷多元解决机制的雏形。但新《婚姻法》对夫妻约定财产制的设立、变更与效力等规定不够明确,现行离婚救济制度未达到预期的调整效果,未成年子女最大利益原则体现不够充分,家庭暴力的调查、预防与救助机制以及家事纠纷调解制度不够健全等诸多问题,仍有待进一步发展和完善。     

我国离婚损害赔偿制度探微

离婚损害赔偿制度是2001年婚姻法增加的内容,完善了我国的婚姻立法。文章试就离婚损害赔偿制度的确立意义、性质、主体和范围等问题进行分析和探讨。     

论成年在校大学生对父母的抚养费请求权——兼论《婚姻法司法解释(一)》第20条的缺陷与完善

在司法实践中,对于在校成年大学生起诉父母索要抚养费的相似案件,不同法院的判决往往截然不同。主要原因在于《婚姻法司法解释(一)》第20条对不能独立生活的子女的规定存在缺陷。在《婚姻法》相关内容细化之前,有必要通过司法解释作出明确规定,一是明确父母有给付能力为成年子女请求父母给付抚养费的前提;二是细化对不能独立生活的子女的解释,甄别情况肯定或否定在校成年大学生对父母的抚养费请求权。     

论我国婚姻无效与撤销制度的完善

值此中华人民共和国民法典正在制定之际 ,考察我国现行婚姻无效与撤销制度之不足 ,借鉴外国立法经验 ,结合我国实际 ,提出修改、完善立法的建议 ,以供我国立法机关参考。     

同居案件争议问题探析

所谓同居案件,应指未婚同居和无效或被撤销婚姻案件之总称。我国目前解决这类案件的立法存在简单和概括之弊,且缺乏原则性的规定,实践中的争议问题,主要集中在财产的定性以及共同财产的范围、经济帮助请求权,相互的继承权等问题上。解决此类争议的思路在于:未婚同居行为是当事人对生活方式的一种自主选择,从私法自治和人性的角度出发,法律就不应否认。对同居关系产生的财产问题,因不受有关婚姻法律的保护,应当从民事法律行为的基本原理出发考虑。