Facilitating industrial symbiosis programmes in developing countries: reflections from Gauteng,South Africa

This viewpoint reflects on how to improve the process of introducing facilitated industrial symbiosis programmes (FISPs) to small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in developing countries. Although FISPs are a long-established industrial practice, their formal introduction to SMEs in developing countries has only recently begun, mostly through support from international development agencies. Based partly on anecdotal evidence from Gauteng, South Africa, we identify six key questions which need to be addressed to improve the process of facilitating FISPs.     

公安档案的收集策略

公安档案的收集是公安档案管理的起点,因此,我们必须运用灵活多变的收集方法,对公安档案的收集工作实施切实有效的质量管控措施,研究收集的薄弱环节和空白点,从而提升公安档案收集的质量和水平。     

Methodological debate in poverty studies: towards ‘participatory qual–quant’?

Compared with the divisive views of the past, integrative thinking has recently come to characterise the methodological debate on poverty. ‘Qualitative vs quantitative’ has given way to ‘qual–quant’; ‘cross-disciplinarity’ has replaced ‘economics vs anthropology’. This article attempts to review this change. It begins with a historical overview of the pure economic approach to poverty and its critique. The critique, both from within economics and from the participatory and anthropological disciplines, is examined, and recent trends are considered. The current ‘qual–quant’ approach is illustrated with examples, and the author concludes that the future may well see the emergence of a ‘participatory qual–quant’ approach.     

The lost 1990s? Personal reflections on a history of participatory technology development

This article traces a history of agricultural participatory research, largely from the author's personal experience. Participatory research in the 1970s was mostly led by disciplinary scientists, and characterised by innovative activities and open academic debate, with some recognition that policy and development practice was a political process. The 1980s saw a shift to learning from past experience, and a participatory mainstream developed, seeking methods for scaling up. Meanwhile, others sought to understand and influence policy and institutional change in their political and cultural contexts, and to keep open the academic debates. The author considers the 1990s as ‘lost years’, during which mainstream participatory practitioners became inward-looking development generalists, not so interested in learning from others outside their paradigm. The late 2000s provide a chance to re-recognise the political and cultural embeddedness of science and technology; re-introduce strong, widely based disciplines; and learn from past activities that resulted in positive development outcomes (planned or unplanned).     

Operationalising participatory research and farmer-to-farmer extension: the Kamayoq in Peru

While rural poverty is endemic in the Andean region, structural adjustment programmes have led to a dismemberment of agricultural research and extension services so that they are unable to serve the needs of smallholder farmers. The NGO Practical Action has been working in the Andes to address farmers' veterinary and agriculture needs. The work has included the training of farmer-to-farmer extension agents, known locally as Kamayoq. The Kamayoq have encouraged farmer participatory research, and local farmers pay them for their veterinary and crop advisory services in cash or in kind. The Kamayoq model is largely an unsubsidised approach to the provision of appropriate technical services and encouragement of farmer participation. The model also illustrates that, in the context of encouraging farmer participation and innovation, NGOs have advantages over research organisations because of their long-term presence, ability to establish trust with local farmers, and their emphasis on social and community processes.     

Operationalising participatory research and gender analysis: new research and assessment approaches

Participatory research approaches are increasingly popular with scientists working for poverty alleviation, sustainable rural development, and social change. This introduction offers an overview of the special issue of Development in Practice on the theme of ‘operationalising participatory research and gender analysis’. The purpose of this special issue is to add value to the discussion of methodological, practical, philosophical, political, and institutional issues involved in using gender-sensitive participatory methods. Drawing on 16 articles, we place some of the main issues, empirical experiences, and debates in participatory research and participatory technology development in the context of implementation, evaluation, and institutionalisation of participatory research and evaluation approaches.     

在世博安保工作中深化“问计于民、求策于民”将惠民思想贯穿于公安工作始终

在社会治安压力增大、社会矛盾凸显、社会维稳形势错综复杂、公安工作任务艰巨繁重的形势下,基层公安机关必须迅速转变工作理念和方法,学会"有困难找群众",学会"问计于民、求策于民"。面对当前存在的"群众难发动"、"时间难保证"、"合作难开展"的"三难"现象,要对"问计于民、求策于民"的渠道和方法加强调研,采取在宣传发动群众上走"专业化"之路、在落实具体工作上走"专项化"之路、在寻求社会合作上走"机制化"之路的警民合作方法,有力推动警民沟通,加强警社合作,大力夯实公安基层基础工作,促进公安工作的长远可持续发展。     

What could Development Studies be?

Over the past 10–15 years there has been an expansion of interest in the subject of Development Studies (DS). There are now significantly more taught courses focused on DS, and research funds are booming. However, over the same period, DS has faced sustained critiques about its essential nature. This has led us to ask: what is Development Studies? And what could or should it be?     

从保密到安全:数据销毁义务的理论逻辑与制度建构

我国现行立法规定了自然人有请求信息处理者删除个人信息的权利,但这并不等于承认数据生命周期的最后环节是“删除”,因为“删除权”是“信息处理的合法性与必要性基础丧失”的必然结果,而“数据销毁”才是“数据归于消灭”的处理流程末端。数据销毁义务的理论基础在于信息保密方式的扩张,即从维持信息保密状态转向维持数据安全风险的可控性。在数据安全风险评估过程中,倘若义务主体无法保障暂时不使用的重要数据和个人信息处于安全状态,则应当采取适当的数据销毁范式降低数据泄露或非法复原的安全风险。在未来立法活动中,我国应当明确数据销毁义务的义务主体、销毁方式和销毁范围等具体制度内容,完成数据安全立法的“最后闭环”。     

试论对外国人出入境人员的调查和遣返措施——以《中华人民共和国出境入境管理法》为视角

2013年7月1日《中华人民共和国出境入境管理法》开始施行。该法通过扩大调查对象的范围、增加调查措施的种类、规范调查措施的适用等加大了对违法外国人的查处力度。该法不但扩大了边检机关的执法范围,明确了边检机关的执法地位,并加大了对外国人非法入境、非法居留、非法就业等情形的重点打击,将外国人入境后的管理纳入常规管控范畴,规范了调查手段,完善了遣返措施。