Pitfalls of Computed Tomography 3D Reconstruction Models in Cranial Nonmetric Analysis*

Many studies in the literature have highlighted the utility of virtual 3D databanks as a substitute for real skeletal collections and the important application of radiological records in personal identification. However, none have investigated the accuracy of virtual material compared to skeletal remains in nonmetric variant analysis using 3D models. The present study investigates the accuracy of 20 computed tomography (CT) 3D reconstruction models compared to the real crania, focusing on the quality of the reproduction of the real crania and the possibility to detect 29 dental/cranial morphological variations in 3D images. An interobserver analysis was performed to evaluate trait identification, number, position, and shape. Results demonstrate a false bone loss in 3D models in some cranial regions, specifically the maxillary and occipital bones in 85% and 20% of the samples. Additional analyses revealed several difficulties in the detection of cranial nonmetric traits in 3D models, resulting in incorrect identification in circa 70% of the traits. In particular, pitfalls included the detection of erroneous position, error in presence/absence rates, in number, and in shape. The lowest percentages of correct evaluations were found in traits localized in the lateral side of the cranium and for the infraorbital suture, mastoid foramen, and crenulation. The present study highlights important pitfalls in CT scan when compared with the real crania for nonmetric analysis. This may have crucial consequences in cases where 3D databanks are used as a source of reference population data for nonmetric traits and pathologies and during bone-CT comparisons for identification purposes.     

前瞻型政府:公共危机治理的政府模式选择

有效治理公共危机要求实现政府模式转型,建立前瞻型政府。前瞻型政府是坚持以民为本的民本政府,是坚持责任取向的责任政府,是崇尚为民服务的服务政府,是不断自我完善的创新政府。有效治理公共危机,构建前瞻型政府,必须培养政府及其官员的预见意识和前瞻能力,必须转变政府职能,整合政府机构,必须完善政府部门间的联动机制,必须健全公共危机的预警机制。     

地区犯罪规模影响因素的混沌分析

区域社会和经济存在与发展的因素对犯罪规模有着不同程度的影响。文章基于这一事实将警务效率、人均GDP、受教育状况、人口密度和基尼系数作为地区犯罪规模的评价因素，采用复回归方法建立了地区犯罪率模型，通过模糊动态聚类分析得到了影响犯罪规模各因素的混沌特征，从这种混沌优化的学习过程中确定了各个影响因素的权重，将它作为地区犯罪规模影响因素的程度。结果表明，警务效率对犯罪率的影响最大，其次是人口密度和受教育程度的影响．     

我国警训教官团队素质再研究

警察实战训练教官素质研究是现阶段公安教育训练工作面临的一项重要课题。公安民警的素质要提升,教官自身的素质是关键。本文在课题前期研究的基础上,尝试在定性和定量研究的基础上,探索警训教官人才的团队素质构成,探讨建设一支高素质警训教官队伍的途径和方法。     

从"高空了望"伏击法到建构"立体预警"防控模式的思考

根据长寿地区“高空了望”伏击法形成的背景条件、操作模式及实际成效来看,“高空了望”伏击法具有推广价值,与巡逻、设卡等传统手段有机结合,具有构建“立体预警”防控模式的优势。     

Extra Effort During Memory Retrieval May Be Associated with Increases in Eyewitness Confidence

When testifying in court, witnesses are motivated to try as hard as possible to give an accurate account. This study tested the proposition that extra effort by eyewitnesses during a memory test can lead to higher confidence ratings without any accompanying changes in accuracy. Participant-witnesses answered multiple-choice questions about a classroom visitor who had spoken 5 days earlier. In the high-motivation condition participants could earn prizes based on their memory test performance; in the low-motivation condition there were no special incentives. Although the motivation manipulation did not affect mean witness confidence, the confidence–accuracy and effort–accuracy correlations were substantially smaller in the high-motivation condition than in the low-motivation condition. Furthermore, the confidence ratings for those participants who reported expending high levels of effort in both motivation conditions were significantly higher than the confidence ratings for the low-effort participants, despite the fact that response accuracy did not differ as a function of reported effort. These findings have important implications for understanding how pressures to perform well in the courtroom can affect eyewitness confidence.     

论后危机时代“中国模式”的继续创新

＂中国模式＂是全球化背景中的地域发展模式、多样性实践中的独特发展模式、纵向历史进程中的阶段发展模式、多重因素整合的辩证统一模式、吐故纳新的螺旋上升模式。推进＂中国模式＂继续创新,要强化实践本位基础上的以人为本,进一步优化政府职能,深入推进和谐稳定中的渐进式改革,坚持对内改革与对外开放的协调发展。在＂中国模式＂未来的发展中要注意做到政府权限与市场作用的均衡、国际形势与国内发展的统筹、社会改革与民生幸福的兼顾、经济发展与生态环境的和谐。     

An Exploratory Analysis of Florida Law Enforcement Domestic Violence Policies

The high social cost of domestic violence has caught the attention of lawmakers and criminal justice agency administrators across the country. As public awareness and concern over the incidence of domestic violence has risen, domestic violence legislation has focused on, among other things, the law enforcement response to domestic violence. The purpose of this study is to examine Florida law enforcement agency response to domestic violence by analyzing agency standard operating procedures (SOPs) across measures identified in the Florida Model Policy for Domestic Violence. Utilizing content analysis, the authors identify agency policy mandates including the number of officers responding to the scene, the use of specialized units, availability of victim advocates, and procedures for investigation.     

法律语言本质特征的批判性分析——准确性、模糊性抑或严谨性

关于法律语言特征已有相关著述,主要秉持两种观点：一种认为法律语言的本质特征是准确性,另一种认为是模糊性。这两种观点的论据均欠妥当。法律语言的本质特征集中体现在立法语言中,通观我国法律条文的语言表述,法律语言区别于其他语言的本质特征当为严谨性。从词、句和修辞等维度进一步论证,法律语言的本质特征也当为严谨性。     

引领式在线学习模式探讨——以贵阳市“干部在线学习园地”为例

文章阐述了另外一种主流的在线学习模式“引领式在线学习模式”，让大家充分了解引领式在线学习模式的内涵及其优势。并从实际着眼，探索如何将引领式在线学习模式应用于贵阳市干部“在线学习园地”网络平台。