合目的性的审查分层:我国地方性法规审查基准的实践及其逻辑

当前我国地方立法审查工作所面临的现实和理论问题,要求从制度实践出发总结一套适应实际的审查基准。从制度起源、各国通例以及我国立法机关的实践活动来看,审查基准应是审查机关基于与其他机关之权力关系、对立法的合目的性进行类型化考察并选择介入程度的行动方案。我国“审查机关”与“中央立法机关”合一的独特制度构造,促使地方性法规审查在实践中根据合目的性要求具体分化为“融贯目的-价值目的-效用目的”的三重分层,并基于“事项-目的-相符程度”的逻辑结构顺序展开,最终形成我国地方立法审查基准的雏形。     

徐复观与《民主评论》

1949年,徐复观在香港创办《民主评论》。作为港台新儒家阵营宣讲传统文化的发言平台,《民评》在20世纪下半期的港台新儒学发展史上书写了浓重的一笔。本文主要目的是：首先梳理出徐复观等新儒家学人创办《民评》前后的因缘纠葛;其次是显现刊物发展过程中所面临的诸多曲折,如经费筹措的困难,刊物稿源及销路不畅等问题;最后论述刊物内部作者群思想理念上的分歧。     

近年来高校师德研究述评

高校师德建设是高等教育中的关键环节。近年来高校师德研究在高校师德的概念上表述不统一,需要进一步厘清;对师德现状总体的、定性的描述较多,还需要进一步细化、量化;在对策上宏观层面的较多,需要进一步微观化、操作化。当前师德研究中需要充分借鉴其他社会科学研究成果,力求在方法论和研究范式上有所突破,以适应时代变化的要求,为师德建设提供多层次的、可操作的、有效的对策建议。     

Security,Not Defence,Strategic, Not Habit: Restructuring the Political Arrangements for Policy Making on Britain's Role in the World

The Conservative–Liberal Democrat coalition government has committed itself to a Strategic Defence and Security Review (SDR) in 2010. The government and the country face very hard choices to bring United Kingdom defence and security policy back from the brink of bankruptcy—both financial and strategic (Gow). To succeed, it must overcome the failings of the past (Chisnall, Dorman, Rees) and take a truly open and radical look at all aspects of policy and process—including the Trident independent nuclear deterrent (Allen), relations with Europe (Witney) and the importance of cyber‐issues in the future security context (Fisher). It must get strategic concepts right to provide flexibility with credibility (Stone). It must deliver ‘what the military wants’: true strategic prioritisation, radical defence acquisition reform, and credible balancing of resources and commitments (Kiszley). The scale of the challenge facing the United Kingdom in—and beyond—the 2010 SDR is why The Political Quarterly convened a workshop early in 2010 involving MPs, practitioners, retired military personnel, journalists, commentators, business people and academics, and publishes these associated papers. Most of all, to overcome the failings of the past, there must be a radical move beyond the welcome first steps of the Cameron–Clegg government to introduce a National Security Council and a National Security Advisor, to reconfigure relationships within government, across departments and with Parliament to have a government figure of accountability and responsibility—a Secretary of State for Security Policy, primus inter pares with other Secretaries of State—to make sense of the questions needing to be asked and answered (Gearson and Gow).     

作为宪政实践机制的合宪性审查

合宪性审查作为一种宪政实践机制,蕴涵了宪法的“高级法”观念、自然正义、宪法保障、分权与权力理性、宪政民主、人权保障等思想基础,集中展示它的宪政性与现代意义。为此,应当认真对待宪政生活中的合宪性,当前我国的关键问题不在于应否创制,而在于如何创制合宪性审查机制。     

运动式执法的司法规制与政府有效治理

在我国漫长的国家治理进程中,运动式治理、运动式执法作为国家治理逻辑的重要组成部分,始终存在并且总以一定方式在特定阶段反复出现。运动式治理、运动式执法与法治精神完全相悖,会直接冲击正常的法治秩序。因此,在推进依法治国、建设社会主义法治国家的伟大进程中,必须对我国运动式治理、运动式执法的国家治理逻辑进行深刻反思,通过及时引入司法审查机制,把运动式治理、运动式执法控制在有限范围内。在对运动式执法案件进行司法审查时,需要直面解决社会公共问题的依法解决、公共政策的合法性审查以及大面积违法行政行为的司法应对等重要课题。在推进国家治理体系现代化中,需要对运动式执法进行改革,其中重点需做好加强立法协调统一,推进行政决策法治化,保障人民法院依法独立行使审判权,塑造政府、市场、社会良性互动关系等工作。     

A review on feature selection in mobile malware detection

The widespread use of mobile devices in comparison to personal computers has led to a new era of information exchange. The purchase trends of personal computers have started decreasing whereas the shipment of mobile devices is increasing. In addition, the increasing power of mobile devices along with portability characteristics has attracted the attention of users. Not only are such devices popular among users, but they are favorite targets of attackers. The number of mobile malware is rapidly on the rise with malicious activities, such as stealing users data, sending premium messages and making phone call to premium numbers that users have no knowledge. Numerous studies have developed methods to thwart such attacks. In order to develop an effective detection system, we have to select a subset of features from hundreds of available features. In this paper, we studied 100 research works published between 2010 and 2014 with the perspective of feature selection in mobile malware detection. We categorize available features into four groups, namely, static features, dynamic features, hybrid features and applications metadata. Additionally, we discuss datasets used in the recent research studies as well as analyzing evaluation measures utilized.     

论非典型鉴定意见的法律效力——“鉴定咨询意见”、“鉴定检验报告”、“技术证据审核意见”的证据能力问题亟需依法统一认识

“两种意见”和“两种检验报告”的性质和作用问题,在司法鉴定和司法活动中是经常引起争议的理论和实践问题。本文针对当前的争议．对每个问题提出了自己的观点和解决争议的主张。认为“鉴定专家咨询委员会”出具的“鉴定咨询意见”不是鉴定意见．不能作为定案的根据,只能作为侦查、审查起诉、审判的参考。并论证了其中的多方面原因;主张“鉴定检验报告”应当区分法定与法外两种性质,分别属于法定鉴定意见证据和仅供审判部门参考的非法定证据．并提出了对两种不同性质“检验报告”的使用评断原则;认为人民检察院、人民法院的“科技证据审核活动”．属于司法机关对鉴定意见的内部咨询活动,审查的范围仅限于四个方面．技审人员和机构无权对司法鉴定意见进行否定或肯定．只能对四方面的问题提出“审查建议”,“技术审查意见”只能作为检察、审判机关审查起诉和审判的内部参考．不能栽入起诉书和裁判文书。     

李浩培与百年中国国际私法学

19世纪30-40年代,李浩培在国内外法学名校研习国际私法,后在国内从事国际私法教学研究工作,其早期的论著反映出,一批国际法学人吸收国外国际私法学的新近发展,并结合中国的实践思考中国的国际私法理论问题,中国国际私法学正初步形成。建国后,国际私法学在中国发展基本停滞,李浩培在艰难的情况下坚持国际私法研究,并致力于翻译工作。文革后,李浩培出版一批重要论著,推动了中国国际私法学重建,获得国际学术声誉,同时留下了学术遗憾。     

The Theoretical Controversy Concerning Judicial Review

Book reviewed in this article:
Christopher Forsyth (ed), Judicial Review and the Constitution