新加坡社区警务制度研究——兼论我国大城市社区警务制度建设

新加坡通过研习、借鉴日本交番制度(Koban),创建了以邻里警岗为基础的社区警务制度,并不断加以发展、完善,成为社会安全与经济繁荣的有力保障.新加坡警察部队通过实施“扎根社区、携手社区、依凭社区”的警务工作理念,与社区建立密切的合作伙伴关系,从而达成守望相助与共同预防犯罪的目的.其服务理念、警务模式、行动策略等对我国正在创建的社区警务制度具有重要的启发与借鉴意义.     

Abandoned housing: Exploring lessons from baltimore

Abstract

Population loss and economic decline have resulted in thousands of abandoned homes in major U.S. cities. Although abandoned homes are symptomatic of other problems, they also contribute to neighborhood decline and frustrate revitalization. This article provides an overview of the national scope of abandoned housing and profiles Baltimore's strategy for addressing this problem.

Challenges in Baltimore's revitalization planning include the necessity of and financial requirements for a comprehensive approach and the difficulty of reaching consensus. Widespread property “flipping” hampers prevention. Efforts to acquire and demolish units are constrained by difficulties in tracking ownership, felons’ ownership of derelict units, and a shortage of staffing to process takings. Challenges in rehabilitating and marketing row houses include the need for subsidies to make units affordable to the most likely buyers, the omnipresence of lead paint, and the lack of foreign immigration. The article proposes a more strategic approach to the city's revitalization planning.     

When context matters: how false,truthful, and genre-related communication styles are revealed in language

ABSTRACT

In this preregistered experiment, we address an understudied question in the deception and language literature: What is the impact of context on false and truthful language patterns? Drawing on two theories, Truth-Default Theory and the Contextual Organization of Language and Deception model, we instructed participants (N?=?639) to lie, tell the truth, or write within a genre without explicit lying or truth-telling instructions across different topics (e.g. their friends, attitudes on abortion). The results successfully replicate several cue-based models for self-references and negative affect, such as the Newman Pennebaker model of deception. Participants without lying or truth-telling instructions, but who wrote within genre conventions, showed markedly similar patterns to truth-tellers, though indicators of analytic thinking, adjectives, and auxiliary verbs were distinct. The data were also evaluated with a topic modeling approach and suggest that the abortion process was construed negatively when people lied about the topic. Truth-tellers construed abortion in objective terms and genre-related speech highlighted key role-players (e.g. the government, men, women, baby). We discuss how these data advance deception and language theory.     

Accountability issues of the resolution trust corporation

Abstract

No other governmental organization ever created can rival the complex patterns of accountability created to manage the bailout of the savings and loan industry. This complexity has, in turn, led to criticism that the bailout structure is too unwieldy to be managerially effective or politically accountable. While the structure does indeed immensely complicate these problems, it is an inevitable product of the political realities that shaped the bailout strategy. The real issues in maintaining accountability to the public for the bailout are: reporting clearly on how the money is being used; improving Congress's ability to track the complex management of the bailout; and using government officials, not contractors, to supervise the government's goals. Indeed, the biggest potential problem of accountability in the savings and loan rescue is not the convoluted political structure at the top but the heavy reliance on private contractors at the bottom.     

解构香港群体意识形态的文化脉络

意识形态是文化的核心,又离不开文化的形塑.中国传统文化、岭南文化、西方现代文化和商业文化在香港独特的社会历史条件下相互交融的过程,从侧面反映了香港文化的发展历程,又为探讨香港群体意识形态的形成史提供了线索.因此,解构香港群体意识形态的文化脉络,洞察港人观念体系形成的内在规律,有助于内地和香港思想文化的对话与交流.     

A Multilevel Analysis of Community Effects on Criminal Sentencing

This research examines the influence of several important community characteristics on the sentencing of convicted felony defendants, net of other predictors associated with sentencing decisions. Using an appropriate multilevel technique, I find that several community characteristics affect the likelihood that defendants are sentenced to prison versus jail. However, none of the community characteristics influence the odds of prison versus non‐custodial sanctions or jail versus non‐custodial sanctions for these defendants. This underscores the importance of using sentencing measures beyond the basic “in/out” dichotomy. Even more importantly, the results suggest that there remains a statistically significant and substantial amount of sentencing variation across counties after controlling for relevant individual‐ and community‐level factors. The implications of these findings for research, theory, and policy‐making are discussed.     

THE POWER OF DIVERSION: INTERMEDIATE SANCTIONS AND SENTENCING DISPARITY UNDER PRESUMPTIVE GUIDELINES*

Fiscal constraints and shifting political climates in corrections have recently led to a renewed interest in intermediate punishments. Despite their growing prevalence, though, relatively little empirical research has examined the judicial use of alternative sanctions as a sentencing option. By using 3 years of data from the Pennsylvania Commission on Sentencing (PCS), this study investigates little‐researched questions regarding the use of sentencing alternatives among offenders and across contexts. Results indicate that male and minority offenders are the least likely to receive intermediate sanctions, both as a diversionary jail or prison sentence and as a substitute for probation. The probability of receiving an intermediate sanction also varies significantly across judges and court contexts and is related to county‐level funding for these programs, among other factors. Findings are discussed as they relate to contemporary theoretical perspectives on the perceived suitability of intermediate punishments and on the unique role that offender agency plays in the sentencing of these cases. Directions for future research are discussed.     

劳动法的能与不能--一种语境论进路的解析和思考

目前,我国正处于社会转型时期,对我国劳动法的作用、意义、宗旨应有冷静客观的认识,尤其要意识到劳动法的局限,劳动法不能的一面.我国劳动法的生存和发展的语境与西方劳动法是迥然不同的,其作用的发挥应立足我国当前的实际,重视对劳动法实践过程中我国广大民众的实践经验的累积和提炼.