Effects of university characteristics on scientists’ interactions with the private sector: an exploratory assessment

This paper estimates the effect of select university characteristics on the propensity of individual scientists to interact with private sector companies. The academic prestige of an institution has a direct negative effect on scientists’ interactions with the private sector, while the level of industrial R&D expenditures has a direct positive effect on such interactions. Institutional characteristics also moderate the effect of some individual-level variables such as tenure status, grant activity, involvement with students and disciplinary effects.      

当代城市女性家庭压力研究

传统家庭压力研究偏重压力的作用机制、家庭适应性等微观方面,且多为立基于西方制度和文化背景的一种假设.本研究从宏观脉动入手,在中国文化环境、尤其是当代城市生活时空下关注家庭压力背后的社会历史原因.研究采用质化量化分析结合的方式,对上海78个家庭进行了多次深访,并结合875个家庭的抽样调查资料,对当代城市女性家庭压力的现状和特点、两性资源及其利用状况进行了深入分析.     

学校教育情境中族群认同感的建构——内地西藏班的个案研究

本研究对某一内地西藏学校进行了个案分析,采用了日记与文件分析法、访谈法与非参与观察法.在族群认同感建构主义方法的框架下对影响藏族学生族群认同感建构的国家政策情境、学校地方社区情境与学校情境进行了剖析.研究发现学校对于学生族群认同感的建构存在两种张力:一是国家和学校通过国家意识形态的渗透而指定的学生的族群认同感,二是学生通过自身藏族文化符号的再现而声称的族群认同感.国家和学校期望藏族学生在中华民族多元一体化格局的框架下建构族群认同感,以便实现其政治与经济利益.     

语篇解读中的语境因素

语境是语篇赖以生成的环境,语篇的理解离不开语境,语境是影响语篇理解的关键因素之一。语境在语篇解读中具有解释、制约的功能,具有补充、生成功能,因此,在外语教学中应注意培养学生的语境意识和语境重构能力。     

COLLECTIVE EFFICACY,AUTHORITATIVE PARENTING AND DELINQUENCY: A LONGITUDINAL TEST OF A MODEL INTEGRATING COMMUNITY‐AND FAMILY‐LEVEL PROCESSES*

In this paper, we develop and test hypotheses on how authoritative parenting and collective efficacy combine to increase a child's risk of affiliating with deviant peers and engaging in delinquent behavior. Analyses using two waves of data from a sample of several hundred African American caregivers and their children largely supported the predictions. Over time, increases in collective efficacy within a community were associated with increases in authoritative parenting. Further, both authoritative parenting and collective efficacy served to deter affiliation with deviant peers and involvement in delinquent behavior. Finally, there was evidence of an amplification process whereby the deterrent effect of authoritative parenting on affiliation with deviant peers and delinquency was enhanced when it was administered within a community with high collective efficacy.     

BEYOND THE BELL CURVE: COMMUNITY DISADVANTAGE AND THE EXPLANATION OF BLACK‐WHITE DIFFERENCES IN ADOLESCENT VIOLENCE*

Disproportionate involvement in violent behavior among African American, versus white, adolescents is a major arena of debate in the social sciences. The individual difference approach draws attention to verbal ability as an explanation of black‐white differences in violence. Sociological theories stress variation in community and family socioeconomic disadvantage. We contrast these causal images of racial differences in serious violence using the National Longitudinal Survey of Adolescent Health and contextual modeling. Results indicate that verbal ability has an indirect effect on violence through school achievement, but does not account for the greater involvement in violence among black adolescents. The analysis is most consistent with a sociological model that views the race‐violence link as a spurious outcome of community context.     

从历史的深处走来——漫议转型时期的当代中国政治与司法改革

发端于20世纪80年代的当代中国司法改革，乃是中国社会整体性转型的重要组成部分，其特殊的政治语境尤其值得人们关注。一方面，政治改革必定涉及司法机制和相关原则的调整；另一方面，不断深化的司法改革在一定意义上将推动政治改革和发展，而不仅仅是纯粹法律制度意义上的变革。当代中国直面的这种政治与司法的关系具有深厚的历史根源，政治语境乃是历史性地生成的。     

跨越东西文明的中国现代化路向 --瞿秋白的社会主义价值心路述评

在中国的社会主义思想史中,瞿秋白的学理是其中不可或缺的一环;在某种意义上,如果我们不了解瞿秋白的思想,就不能把握中国式社会主义的演进正脉.客观言之,在瞿氏自成体系的社会主义价值心路中,既涵纳常人难以见及的真知灼见,又含有无可规避的历史局限性;这些都为我们今天建设有中国特色的社会主义留下了深刻的启示.     

EXAMINING THE (IR)RELEVANCE OF AGGREGATION BIAS FOR MULTILEVEL STUDIES OF NEIGHBORHOODS AND CRIME WITH AN EXAMPLE COMPARING CENSUS TRACTS TO OFFICIAL NEIGHBORHOODS IN CINCINNATI*

Different operational definitions of neighborhood boundaries could generate differences in empirical relationships between ecological dynamics and crime. As a call for research on whether aggregation bias is an issue for related studies, this note compares bi‐level models predicting re‐arrest for domestic violence with census tracts versus officially defined city neighborhoods as macro units. Results indicate that both types of units generate the same substantive findings at the aggregate and individual levels of analysis. Similarities also exist between these results and those from previous multilevel studies of crime and victimization despite differences in the aggregate units across studies (including block groups).     

知识与技能——2012“英语语法教学与研究研修班”述评

语法教学的重点是培养学生实际使用语法的能力,而不应将语法当成一门单独的、系统的知识来教授。从结构、意义和用法三个维度来全方位地看待语法,在具体语境中运用、学习语法才是最有效的。