Contextualizing sentencing disparities: using conjunctive analysis of case configurations to identify patterns of variability

Using national data from felony cases processed in state courts (n = 48,006), the current study investigates the nature and magnitude of contextual variability associated with sentencing outcomes. Multivariate models are first estimated to identify the main effects of various offender and offense variables on sentencing decisions. Conjunctive analysis is then used to evaluate the contextual variability of each of these main effects across all observed combinations of offender and offense attributes. Separate analyses are also conducted among states with and without mandatory sentencing guidelines to explore whether these guidelines reduce this variability across different contexts. Findings from this study and its comparative methods are discussed in terms of implications for future research on criminal sentencing and assessing the contextual variability of the main effects of particular legal and extralegal factors.     

Gender and general strain theory: A preliminary test of Broidy and Agnew's gender/GST hypotheses

Some scholars argue for sex-specific explanations of criminal behavior, while others opt for more general theories of crime. In this article, we elaborate on recent explorations of gender differences in general strain theory (GST). Using data obtained from self-report interviews of delinquent youths, we implemented measures of strain, negative emotions, and coping resources to examine sex differences in GST-related processes across both interpersonal and property offending. The results offer some support for Broidy and Agnew's gender/general strain hypotheses and, at the same time, offer modifications and extensions for future research on GST.     

语境的共时系统分析

本文从系统和共时研究的角度分析了语言的语境系统,详细地分析了语境各要素及其相互关系,指出了言内语境和言外语境的反映与被反映的关系,以及语境要素的统一性和层次性两种特征,并指出语义分析和语义理解从言内到言外、从一般到特殊的分析顺序,任何相关语境因素都不能忽略。     

网络电视传播的文化建构

网络电视实现了电视与网络传播模式上的强强联合 ,具有与网络或电视不同的传播文化结构。发散性传播促使了传统电视受众线性思维的解构 ;网络与电视单一传播语境界限的消解 ,使同域或异域文化圈中的不同文化交流远远超出了以往任何一类传播文化形态 ;多媒体技术使传统电视的大众文化特质进一步向传播娱乐化方向发展 ,使传统传播文化的公信度、厚重度呈弱化趋势。网络电视文化从一开始就具有后现代主义文化的明显特征。     

论法国民法典的宪法化

《法国民法典》具有极为崇高的地位，为形成和维系大革命以来的法兰西社会提供了重要的法律基础。但20世纪80年代以来，法国宪法法院通过合宪性审查不断使民法典受到宪法规范的约束、辐射和渗透，实现了路易·法沃赫教授所说的“宪法化”。30余年的宪法化进程使民法与宪法的关系进入了一种规范语境，民法典在规范上已经受到宪法的切实约束，同时，民法典作为“真正宪典”的社会作用也逐渐被人权宣言所取代。在探讨民法与宪法的关系时，“民法典是真正宪典”这一社会学命题不应错误地扩大到规范领域，更不能不顾时代变迁，忽视宪法化的时代背景。     

浅谈语境对二语阅读理解的作用

为了更好地传递信息,人类必须把握住原语言的意义。然而,脱离语境的词义具有歧义性、多义性和模糊性,会导致整个信息传达不准确。语境指真实的语言环境。它是限制语言使用的不同因素的总和。意义理解指正确理解特定材料给出的一定环境下的原语言。它不仅涵盖了对词的理解,还包括对文章的理解。脱离了语境,没有人可以理解任何对象的真义。语境在意义理解中起到束缚和限制的作用。为了得到某个词、句、段的确切意义,就要在语境中研究意义,即"语境中的意义",这对学习二语的人们而言是十分必要的。     

荒诞不经与法律真实——论鬼神观念与古代司法中的事实认定

法律真实渗透着参与主体的主观因素,具有历史性。在中国古代,司法官员会因鬼神观念而影响自己对事实的认定并据此作出判决;同时为了主流价值观的发扬,他们又会利用民众的鬼神观念,让民众接受他们构造出的＂事实＂,从而接受法官的判决。古代中国这种＂法律真实＂是社会规则作用下的结果,既有符合司法权运作普遍规律的成分,同时又有自己的特点。     

商务口译的形式模态及其语境化特征

商务口译是国际商务活动中最常见的语际传播行为，其生活形式的模态赋予其特殊的语境体系。本文对商务口译语境特征的哲学意义及其语际传播过程的语境化特征两大方面进行了探讨，并阐述了商务口译语境的动态性、时问的封闭性、空间的开放性、蕴涵的复杂性、知识的无限性，这为商务口译的译语推理提供了充分依据，也对其实践提出了挑战。     

Intuition or Counterintuition? The Science behind the Art of Negotiation

This article celebrates the achievements made by the community of negotiation researchers. Looking back on what has been accomplished, the article addresses three questions: How have we thought about negotiation? How have we studied it? And what have we discovered through conducting research? Of particular interest are counterintuitive findings about processes at the negotiating table, around the table, and away from the table. Building on these contributions, the article looks forward by asking: What are some avenues for further research? The article concludes optimistically by noting that there will be even more to celebrate at the journal's fiftieth anniversary.     

从何以可能到现实路径——关于当前哲学对话问题的沉思

哲学对话的重要性,已经取得学界的共识。在当前的中国语境之下,如何加强不同哲学,尤其是中、西、马哲学之间的对话和交流?问题的厘清必须从中、西、马哲学的对话何以可能谈起,从何以能对话(前提根据)、为什么对话(目的意义)到以什么对话(话题内容)的分析进路,不仅是对话问题的展开逻辑,而且内在地蕴含着对如何来对话,即中、西、马哲学对话的现实路径这一问题的解答。