新经济进程中美国共同基金的新发展

共同基金起源于英国,发展于美国,已成为美国一种主要投资方式.特别是在近10年的美国新经济时期,取得了前所未有的发展,基金总额从90年代初的1万亿美元增长到90年代末的5.5万亿美元.美国新经济与共同基金有着密不可分的互动关系,经济发展和股市的内在依存关系又深深牵动着共同基金.     

The role of non-timber forest products in poverty reduction in India: prospects and problems

The vast natural resources of India's forests, including non-timber forest products (NTFPs), such as medicinal and aromatic plants, leaves, fruits, seeds, resins, gums, bamboos, and canes, offer employment that provides up to half the income of about 25 per cent of the country's rural labour force. However, poor harvesting practices and over-exploitation in the face of increasing market demand are threatening the sustainability of these resources, and thus the livelihoods of forest-dependent tribal communities. This article analyses the role of NTFPs in livelihoods-improvement initiatives and considers recent initiatives intended to enhance their conservation and sustainable management. It recommends policies to optimise the potential of NTFPs, both to support rural livelihoods and to contribute to India's social, economic, and environmental well-being.     

Integrating participatory elements into conventional research projects: measuring the costs and benefits

Until recently, participatory and conventional approaches to agricultural research have been regarded as more or less antagonistic. This article presents evidence from three sub-projects of a Thai–Vietnamese–German collaborative research programme on ‘Sustainable Land Use and Rural Development in Mountainous Regions of Southeast Asia’, in which participatory elements were successfully integrated into conventional agricultural research as add-on activities. In all three sub-projects the costs of studying local knowledge or enhancing farmers' experimentation consisted of additional local personnel, opportunity costs of participating farmers' time, and travel costs. However, these participatory elements of the research projects constituted only a small fraction of the total costs. It may be concluded that conventional agricultural research can be complemented by participatory components in a cost-effective way, while producing meaningful benefits in terms of creating synergies by blending scientific and local knowledge, scaling up micro-level data, and highlighting farmers' constraints affecting technology adoption.     

Gender equity and social capital in smallholder farmer groups in central Mozambique

This case study from Búzi district, Mozambique investigated whether gender equality, in terms of male and female participation in groups, leads to gender equity in sharing of benefits from the social capital created through the group. Exploring the complex connection between gender, groups, and social capital, we found that gender equity is not necessarily achieved by guaranteeing men and women equal rights through established by-laws, or dealing with groups as a collective entity. While there were no significant differences in the investment patterns of men and women in terms of participation in group activities and contribution of communal work, access to leadership positions and benefits from social capital were unequally distributed. Compared with men, women further found it difficult to transform social relations into improved access to information, access to markets, or help in case of need.     

订立劳动合同须注意的几个法律问题

劳动合同是劳动者与用人单位确立劳动关系、明确双方权利和义务的协议,建立劳动关系应当订立劳动合同。劳动合同关系到合同双方当事人的切身利益,也是处理劳动争议的主要依据之一,而《劳动法》关于劳动合同的条款规定较原则、抽象,使得有关劳动合同争议案件的处理较困难。因此,不管是用人单位还是劳动者都应当掌握一定的劳动合同知识。本文主要就劳动合同订立过程中应注意的几个问题进行探讨。     

创新企业文化砺炼团队精神--云南电力集团有限公司新文化建设的理性省思

云南电力集团有限公司“新文化”建设是百年优秀历史传统与现代企业管理理念的结合 ,具有以人为本的核心价值观 ,自强不息的团队精神和兴企报国的高度社会责任感。作为战略支持型文化 ,经过多年建设逐渐形成了现代企业制度所需的价值理念体系 ,成为云南电力集团有限公司实施战略转型的强大支撑力和推动力     

新时期利益视角下的党群关系探究

利益范畴作为历史唯物主义的出发点，是现实与理想、历史与当代的统一。关注利益关系是马克思主义的内涵所在，马克思分析矛盾问题的基点是如何处理利益关系问题。改革开放打破了平均主义的大锅饭，拉开了差距，激发了人们的积极性。但是，新时期我国的社会已经进入了一个利益分化与重组的时代，各种利益矛盾突显。在这样的时期，调节好利益关系是处理好党群关系的关键，它对构建和谐社会和建设全面小康社会以及加强党的执政能力有重大意义。     

创造超越死亡文学的新视点——川端康成新感觉派时期的文学主张

新感觉派运动在日本文学史上只是昙花一现,很快就消失了。但川端康成却被认为是完成新感觉主义的唯一的一位作家,获得了极高的评价。川端康成把新感觉派贯穿始终、成为新感觉派最为成功的作家的主要原因是:川端寄予新感觉派运动的期望主要是在思想方面。即在新的表现当中寻求人生新的救济、找到人类超越死亡的方法。这与新感觉派的其他成员一味地在感觉的表现当中寻求文学的意义从根本上不同。贯穿整个新感觉派时期的川端的文学理念是对人类生命的关注,是对人类超越死亡问题的关心。纵观川端的整个创作生涯,这也是川端文学的核心。     

国际贸易法的新发展及其教学变革新思路

全球法律化与经济一体化对我国高校国际贸易法教学产生了重大影响并对之提出更高要求。为使我国高校国际贸易法教学适应新形势发展的需要 ,本文论述了国际贸易法的新发展及变革国际贸易法教学的必要性 ,并从教学目的、教学内容、教学方法、教学手段、教学实践、教学与研究等方面 ,提出变革与创新国际贸易法教学的若干意见     

新时期医院管理的理念

随着知识经济的发展,医疗卫生行业的竞争日趋激烈,新技术、新设备、新的治疗手段不断涌现和推广应用,迫切要求医院管理要重视创新,追求新发展,探求新规律、创立新学说,创造新方法,积累新知识。理念创新现代医院要得到长足发展,就必须在经营中革新思维方式,制定切实可行的战略目