西部地区农村公共安全应急管理组织的无缝隙再造

新时期西部地区农村公共安全应急管理任务的加重,使得公共安全应急管理组织建设的意义凸显。当前西部地区农村公共安全应急管理组织在组织结构、组织决策与执行体制和组织技术上存在明显的不足,极不利于西部农村公共安全应急管理。无缝隙政府理论为西部地区农村公共安全应急管理组织的再造提供了一条思路。按照无缝隙政府理论的要求,实现西部地区农村公共安全应急管理组织的无缝隙再造应从建立综合性公共安全应急管理部门、构建分权化的公共安全应急管理决策与执行体制和构建公共安全信息网络入手。     

体面劳动在中国

国际劳工组织自1999年提出"体面劳动"的理念后,一直在全球推行体面劳动。体面劳动所涵盖的内容既是国际劳工组织的战略目标,也是中国一直致力于实现的目标。     

我国事业单位非营利组织化改革的冷思考

在我国目前理论界,有关学者将非营利组织作为我国事业单位改革的首选目标模式。但是,从对改革的理论准备、宏观环境、事业单位的复杂性、非营利组织自身的“失灵”以及事业单位与非营利组织性质的不对称等方面的分析来看,我国事业单位非营利组织化这一目标模式并不是当前推进事业单位改革的最佳选择,因此,我们必须对我国事业单位改革的发展方向重新加以审视。     

Globalization,International Organizations,and Telecommunications

Since the 1990s over 158 countries established pro‐market reforms in telecommunications—a fast pace for such a drastic change. For example, Sweden and Botswana, two nations vastly different across multiple dimensions, both liberalized their telecom sectors. Why did so many countries adopt liberal reforms in such a short period of time? Conventional wisdom highlights the role of global markets and technology, powerful states, global diffusion, and domestic politics. I argue that contrary to these claims, diffusion through key international organizations is the critical and overlooked factor in explaining rapid global convergence of pro‐market telecom reforms. Using an original dataset for 189 countries between 1970 and 2003 and event history analysis, I demonstrate that membership in key liberal trading organizations, especially the WTO and the OECD, increases the likelihood that countries will adopt liberal pro‐market reforms in telecommunications. These results speak directly to current public policy debates about the reregulation of global markets and bridges the literatures of policy diffusion, institutional design, and regulatory regimes.     

Global democracy in a society of peoples

This paper explores the political structures suitable for the realization of John Rawls’ The Law of Peoples (1999). In particular, it explores whether Rawls’ principles and fundamental foundations recommend establishing global institutions and, if so, whether, and in what sense, these institutions should be democratic. It is often suggested, either implicitly or explicitly, that The Law of Peoples would operate through the bilateral and multilateral interactions of, ideally conceived, nation-states. This paper argues, on the contrary, that it would advise a series of democratic global institutions. The case is developed with respect to the idea of a global institution with the remit of regulating international trade and applied, in the contemporary context, to the World Trade Organization (WTO).     

中英侦查制度比较研究——从侦查组织制度、程序制度、人事制度角度浅析

中英两国作为世界东西方两大主要的国家在国际刑事侦查领域的交流与合作日益频繁,然而两个国家在侦查组织制度、程序制度等方面存在着很大的差异。这些差异是由两国的政治制度、法律制度、社会历史以及民族习惯等因素造成的。对中英两国的侦查制度进行比较研究,可以更好地借鉴英国的先进经验,为我国侦查事业的发展提供可参考的资料。     

Wildlife management,the multilateral trade regime,morals and the welfare of animals 1

Abstract

Various states (and groups of states such as the European Community) have adopted legislation designed to raise standards of animal welfare in many areas including agriculture, companion animals, experimentation and testing, transport, and hunting and trapping methods. Much of this legislation has resulted from extensive lobbying and intense political wrangling. Where the legislation affects animals as products (or animal derivative products such as their pelts or their meat), legislators frequently resort to external facing trade measures to support the moral stance taken in the legislative instrument. At this point potential conflicts with the precepts of the multilateral trade regime operated by the World Trade Organisation arise. The extent to which the relevant provisions in the WTO portfolio of agreements (and the predecessor text of the GATT 1947) assist the cause of animal welfare is limited by both the texts themselves and the narrow interpretation of those texts by WTO/ GATT dispute panels. Non‐governmental organisations involved with animal welfare issues are concerned that the WTO regime will inhibit the development of animal welfare protection legislation and are also concerned that the net result may be a retardation of the development of animal welfare measures in the face of open market competition. This article explores the background to, and substance of, this contention particularly in the context of the European and International legislation designed to deal with the welfare of trapped wild animals and also with other animal welfare legislation having international trade implications. Moreover, the findings of such an examination have much broader implications in that they have relevance to any legislation based on public morality which seeks to enforce that morality through external facing trade measures.     

重新认识我国行政组织立法模式

我国行政组织立法模式来源于苏维埃行政法实践,其属于社会主义法系模式,既不同于大陆法系模式,更不同于英美法系模式。这种立法模式的基本特点在于以国家管理机关为中心安排法律结构和法律位阶等级体系的模糊性。在当代中国,我国行政组织立法模式应该进一步完善。首先,以组织法律来构建我国行政组织法律体系是必要的。其次,以宪法为指导,确立行政组织法律主义这一组织法治原则。再次,在既有法律基础上构建我国行政组织立法模式。最后,重视行政组织法与行政管理法或行政作用法的密切联系。     

Preparation of a low-cost fingerprint powder that harnesses white light to emit long-lived phosphorescence

An inexpensive, commercially available doped strontium aluminate phosphor with long-lived afterglow has been prepared and assessed in the role of a luminescent fingerprint dusting powder. Blue, green, and aqua phosphorescence persisting for ca. 30 s was obtainable from treated fingermarks after charging the powders with the white light (400–700 nm) setting of a forensic light source. Imaging the phosphorescent afterglow enabled the elimination of background emissions encountered during latent fingermark examination. This was demonstrated by visualising fingermarks on substrates that possess inbuilt fluorescent security features and highly patterned substrate backgrounds, without any need for bespoke scientific equipment.