社会舆情与刑法运作互动问题研究

随着信息传播的便利,社会舆情可以对刑事裁判的整个过程产生影响。在社会舆情和刑事司法发生冲突的案件中,社会舆情"屡战屡胜",表面上看好似是"公意的胜利",而实质上依然是"正义的胜利"。因为被推翻的刑事判决本身,在法律依据、诉讼程序、定案证据等方面存在各种各样的瑕疵或错误。为了实现刑事司法的公众认同,维护刑事司法的权威性,刑事司法应当做到三点:坚守刑事司法的正当性;加强判决书说理;增强对社会公意的理解。     

2011年菲律宾经济、政治与外交形势回顾

2011年的菲律宾,经济总体表现不如预期;在国内政治方面,政府三权之间冲突不断引发宪政危机。此外,政府与国内分裂势力之间的谈判进展也不顺利,和解之路依然任重道远。外交方面,对外关系处于急剧变动时期,菲中关系喜忧参半,菲美、菲日关系急剧升温。     

Rapid in situ repeatable analysis of drugs in powder form using reflectance near-infrared spectroscopy and multivariate calibration

This study takes the first step toward in situ analysis of powder drugs which does not require any alteration of the samples. A fast, inexpensive analytical method based on reflectance near-infrared (NIR) spectrometry and multivariate calibration was applied. A diode-array fiber-optic portable spectrometer in the 900-1700 nm range was employed. Samples were laboratory-prepared ternary powders (diacetylmorphine, caffeine, and paracetamol). Partial least squares regression was applied. The choice of the standard samples for calibration and validation was performed through a D-optimal experimental design. The explained variance was higher than 90%, and the relative root mean square errors were <2%. The number of principal components (6) was very low when compared with the number of raw variables (356 absorbance values). Response plots showed slopes and intercepts were very close to optimal values. Correlation coefficients ranged between 0.909 and 0.989. The method here proposed proved to be competitive with Fourier transform NIR spectrometry.     

Unaccountable: The Current State of Private Military and Security Companies

Abstract

The current accountability system for private military and security contractors (PMSCs) is woefully inadequate, and mere enhancements in oversight cannot hope to remedy that failing. I contend that once we recognize the kind of accountability required of PMSCs, we will realize that radical changes in the foundational relationship between PMSCs and the state are required. More specifically, in order to be appropriately accountable, members of PMSCs must become a part of or, at the very least, directly responsible to the legitimate authoritative military or police structures, and there must be a clear and precise delineation of responsibility among public officials for holding individual members of PMSCs criminally liable.     

Gang Membership,Gun Carrying,and Employment: Applying Routine Activities Theory to Explain Violent Victimization Among Inner City,Minority Youth Living in Extreme Poverty∗

Conceptual inconsistencies in routine activities theory are illustrated by demonstrating how gang membership, gun carrying, and employment can be categorized as both risk and protective factors in a high‐poverty context. Two waves of longitudinal data from a high‐poverty sample of African American youth were used to examine the determinants of victimization risk. Bivariate analyses indicated that gang membership, gun carrying, and employment status are significant risk factors for violent victimization, but these effects were mediated by measures of lifestyles (e.g., demographic and family factors, deviant lifestyles) included as controls in the full multivariate model. In other words, the strong positive relationship between gang membership and gun carrying found in previous studies may be due to model misspecification and/or the lack of research on high‐poverty samples of inner city youth from the Deep South. Additional logistic regression analyses also indicate that the number of hours employed per week (but not employment status) is a risk factor for violent victimization. Finally, the theoretical implications of these findings for routine activities theory are discussed.     

Community In‐Reach Through Jail Reentry: Findings from a Quasi‐Experimental Design

Offenders face a number of significant challenges upon reentry into the community, including securing employment, locating housing, and accessing adequate substance abuse and mental health treatment. These and related issues, if neglected, only bolster rising recidivism rates which have prompted renewed interest in rehabilitation initiatives such as inmate reentry. Many jurisdictions have implemented programs designed to improve offenders' success after prison, but jail reentry programs are far less common. This study examined the effectiveness of one such program, the Auglaize County (OH) Transition (ACT) Program. Using a quasiexperimental design, recidivism was measured a year after release to determine if participation in the ACT Program was predictive of successful reentry. Findings suggest that program participation is strongly related to outcome success as was criminal history. Implications for correctional policy and suggestions for additional jail reentry research are considered.     

打击犯罪与保护人权的艰难平衡——评刑诉法修正案中侦查程序部分中的争议问题

现行刑诉法自 $141 年制定后于今迎来了第二次大面积修改。针对此次修改,尤其是对有关侦查程序的修改,有人忧虑其是刑诉法条款倒退的表现。通过对秘密拘留和逮捕、传唤和拘传时间的延长、技术侦查措施的引入和沉默权与如实供述这四个方面进行理性分析并提出完善建议,指出此次修正案在侦查程序的修改中,兼顾了打击犯罪和保护人权两方面,整体上是有进步的。对于其不细致、不周全、有矛盾而可能导致实施者自由裁量权滥用的地方,需要进行合理的完善。     

论《陕甘宁边区抗战时期施政纲领》与“三民主义”

《陕甘宁边区抗战时期施政纲领》是在建立抗日民族统一战线的时代背景下,中国共产党为与国民党法统保持一致而制定的唐级地方性法规。它以三民主义理论为指导思想,同时又保持自身的相对独立性。随着抗战形势的发展,国民党政权妄图通过重新解释三民主义,建立一党专制的政权。为争取自身的独立合法地位,中共提出符合三大政策的新三民主义才是国共合作的理论基础。《陕甘宁边区抗战时期施政纲领》的制定、公布、实施和废止的过程是中共对三民主义理论的认真研究和不断创新的过程。中共的三民主义理论不仅对根据地时期的法制建设意义深远,而且对当代中国的法制建设也具有一定的启示意义。     

股东关系维度代理问题及其治理机制研究

股东“异质化”的现实演进和股东关系的弱式平等使得股东关系维度代理问题日渐成为公司治理的重点与难点。股东关系维度代理问题在中国股份公司中有其特殊性,如股东间的代理关系情境极其复杂、控制权私利攫取成本较低、中小股东消极主义尤为明显、多元维度代理问题相互交织等。公司立法必须注重强化自治和利益平衡,多措并举构建防范股东关系维度代理问题的结构性治理机制。     

论船舶不当滞留在港口国的救济程序

由于各国标准的参差不齐及港口国官员的个人偏见,在港口国监控程序中难免出现船舶的不当滞留。通过对美国、加拿大、澳大利亚三国港口国救济程序案例的分析,指出现有港口国的救济程序中的缺陷,并讨论在船舶不当滞留时,船方如何通过港口国国内途径申诉,有哪些法律问题需要注意,如何更好地实现权利救济。