侦查人员出庭作证的范围与保护

我国2012年刑事诉讼法g五十七条规定，现有证据材料不能证明证据收集的合法性的，人民检察院可以提请人民法院通知有关侦查人员或者其他人员出庭说明情况：人民法院可以通知有关侦查人员或者其他人员出庭说明情况。有关侦查人员或者其他人员也可以要求出庭说明情况。经人民法院通知，有关人员应当出庭。此规定对于司法实践中查明案件事实真相、抑制违法侦查行为、充分实现辩护权、改革和完善刑事审判制度等具有重要意义。但是．规定的侦查人员出庭作证的范围比较模糊，条文粗糙，实践中较难把握，同时，没有相应规定出庭作证的侦查人员的保护，有待思考和研究。     

论我国个人信用征信中隐私权的保护

市场经济是信用经济,个人信用征信势在必行,而在个人信用征信过程中,存在着信用信息的流动与隐私权保护的矛盾冲突。目前,我国已经采取了一定的措施来平衡这对矛盾,但是笔者认为还存在诸多问题,只有完善隐私权的一般规定、制定个人信息保护法、构建个人信用活动的具体规则,才能真正保护个人信用征信中的隐私权。     

Party convergence and vote switching: Explaining mainstream party decline across Europe

How can one explain the significant vote losses of mainstream parties across Europe in recent years? In this article, it is argued that mainstream party convergence is an important determinant of the recent political and electoral volatility in European party systems. More specifically, it is hypothesised that as mainstream parties converge on the left-right scale, voters will switch from supporting a mainstream party to a non-mainstream party in the next election as they look for an alternative that better represents their ideological views. To test these theoretical expectations, data is combined from the Comparative Study of Electoral Systems and the Manifestos Project for nearly 15,000 vote choices of individual voters in 30 elections in 16 West and East European countries from 2001 until 2013. The findings have important implications for understanding the recent rise of non-mainstream parties, the changing nature of party systems and the increasing complexity of cabinet formation across Europe.     

So far away from me? The effect of geographical distance on representation

Legislators face numerous trade-offs with regard to how to spend their time. One factor is, however, beyond their control: the distance between their constituency and the legislature. A more distant constituency implies increased travel, which decreases the time available for activities within the legislature itself, while also raising the possibility of centre–periphery dynamics in representation. Previous work has found that as distance between constituency and legislature increases, so does constituency focus, but it has not established why this is. This article explores the impact of geographical remoteness on representational activity, analysing a dataset of parliamentary activity in the British House of Commons (2005–2015), showing that the more remote an MP’s constituency, the less likely that MP is to attend votes, while being more likely to sign Early Day Motions. The article further shows that this is most likely driven by a centre–periphery dynamic rather than simply being a response to longer travel time.     

Examination of pretreatment methods for DNA extraction from nails

In the conventional method of DNA extraction from nails, it takes approximately half a day to dissolve the nails. In this study, we examined whether using the HOrizontal Nail MAshing (HONMA) method, in which pressure is applied to the nail to crush it flat and increase its surface area, would improve DNA extraction efficiency. Fingernails (5 mg) provided by ten volunteers were used as samples. Nail pieces (1–3 pieces), shredded with nail clippers, were thinly stretched by applying 2 t of pressure to each piece using a hydraulic press. DNA was extracted by incubation at 56 °C for 10 min and 1 h during proteolysis. DNA yield from the nails pretreated using the HONMA method increased by 0.20–7.10 times compared with that from unprocessed nails. In particular, 10-min incubation using the HONMA method resulted in an average 2.05-fold increase in DNA yield compared with that under overnight incubation. However, the impact of using the HONMA method varied widely among individuals, and the amount of extracted DNA decreased in some cases, suggesting that the yield may differ depending on the nail quality.     

高校学生宿舍个人财物防盗问题研究

高校学生宿舍个人财物被盗,会给学生的学习和生活带来物质的损害,给学生和家长带来精神上的损害和引发学生与校方的争议。高校学生宿舍个人财物被盗有高校管理制度存在漏洞、宿舍管理人员管理制度不健全等6个原因。要解决这个问题,要加强宿舍的安全防范建设、建立"寝室联防"机制、加强高校学生思想道德教育和法制教育和加强公安机关的打击力度。     

罗马法债权理念的一般发展

由罗马法发展起来的债权理念 ,代表了罗马法的较高成就 ,是人类法律文化的宝贵遗产。罗马法债权理念发展的一般历程分为三个阶段 ,即 ,人身性债权向财产性债权的过渡形成、债权理念与家父权理念的并存格局 ,以及罗马法债权理念的扩充发展。这三个阶段展示了人类债权理念由原始状态向文明过渡的历程     

有限责任公司股权转让制度之重构

有限责任公司股权转让制度在我国现行《公司法》中作了基本的规定,但该规定无论在转让实质要件上、规制对象上,还是在转让形式要件上均存在不足之处,应予重构。     

中国个人金融服务消费者权益保护

个人金融服务中消费者与经营者在交易中不平等法则的存在,权利与义务呈现出明显不对等,个人消费者难以以自身的力量与经营者抗衡,使消费者在消费纠纷中处于劣势。为了保护消费者的权益,除了建立消费者协会组织外,更要建立健全消费者权益保护法及金融服务机构的社会信用及其行业评判标准制度。     

近代民事主体形成的条件与成因

近代民事主体理念超越了具体平等而实现于抽象平等。没有平等观念就没有抽象平等,没有抽象平等也就没有近代民事主体。“平等主体”从根本上反映了人在资本主义生产方式中的经济存在形式。近代民事主体理论形成的基础就是劳动力私人性的承认和契约工具的利用。契约是近代民事主体得以确立的工具。劳动力私人性的承认是近代民事主体得以确立的内在理论前提。民法中劳动力私人性的法律表现形态是随着劳动力价值的提升而展开的。保障劳动力私人性就是在维护民法的主体制度,其中,宪政的保障作用是基础性的、不可或缺的。