经济转轨期我国公共政策决策模型的选择

在复杂多变的社会转型期 ,公共政策作为政府调控社会成员之间的利益关系 ,实现公共利益的合理分配及具体行政目标的重要手段之一 ,越来越发挥着举足轻重的作用。我国当前正处在经济转轨期 ,不可避免地涉及到如何运用合理的决策模型去制定科学有效的公共政策。实践证明 ,只有符合中国化的决策模型才能解决社会转型所带来的问题 ,因此中国的现代化发展必须更多地借鉴综合扫描决策模型的道路     

Community participation in local governance in Cambodia: learning from the village networks approach

Cambodia has embarked on a process of decentralisation and democratisation, including the establishment of elected Commune Councils in early 2002. Given the lack of a tradition of encouraging civic participation in public affairs, however, there was initially little general awareness of how to engage with these Councils. The authors describe a project supported by the Ministry of Rural Development and the German bilateral agency, GTZ, and undertaken with local non-government organisations, to identify and support active community groups and improve their capacity to interact with the Commune Councils, while at the same time seeking ways for the Commune Councils to support the different groups.     

Social protection

The term ‘social protection’ has been widely used around the world and is often treated as synonymous with ‘social security’, which is misleading. This article considers the numerous terms that have become part of the language of social protection, indicating that the image conveyed by the term is rather different from what is meant by it.     

The uncertain relationship between transparency and accountability

The concepts of transparency and accountability are closely linked: transparency is supposed to generate accountability. This article questions this widely held assumption. Transparency mobilises the power of shame, yet the shameless may not be vulnerable to public exposure. Truth often fails to lead to justice. After exploring different definitions and dimensions of the two ideas, the more relevant question turns out to be: what kinds of transparency lead to what kinds of accountability, and under what conditions? The article concludes by proposing that the concept can be unpacked in terms of two distinct variants. Transparency can be either ‘clear’ or ‘opaque’, while accountability can be either ‘soft’ or ‘hard’.     

医患关系与消费者-经营者关系:揭开争论的面纱

本文针对争论多年的医患关系是否是消费者-经营者关系的问题,以现行法为依据展开讨论。文章首先讨论了"医患关系"和"消费者-经营者关系"的法律含义,以确定这两个范畴间是否存在交集;接着列举并系统地辨析了持肯定观点者和持否定观点者各自的论据。之后,文章探讨了若患者是消费者,将会对患者的权利和医疗机构的义务和法律责任造成的影响;最后从法律政策的角度分析法律是否应当认可患者的消费者地位。     

美国国内政治生态与台湾问题上的“双轨政策”——以里根时代为例

中美建交以来,美国对台湾问题奉行"双轨政策".文章以该政策的始作俑者--里根时代的台湾问题为例展开论述.首先,简述里根时代"双轨政策"的表现.接着,从美国国内政治的角度透视了里根奉行该政策的缘由,认为这是由总统个人的外交哲学以及美国国内政治生态中的诸因素共同决定的.最后,通过回顾建交以来历届美国总统"双轨政策"的演变得出结论,认为在透视当前和预测未来的美国对台湾问题政策时,要关注美国政治生态中诸项因素的作用.     

A spatial analysis of green teams: a tactical response to marijuana production in British Columbia

Over a period of 4 years (1997–2000), British Columbia (BC) experienced tremendous growth in the illicit production and distribution of domestically grown marijuana. By the close of 2000, each policing jurisdiction in BC had adopted a particular policy in response to grow operation proliferation. In summary, four policy responses were noted. First, some maintained the status quo wherein enforcement of police initiated investigations and citizens’ tips continued, but with no additional resources specifically dedicated to grow operations. Second, some jurisdictions suspended the majority of investigation and enforcement of grow operations. Third, some agencies implemented or reinforced existing resource intensive drug squads, which focused on trafficking, sales and production of all types of drugs. Finally, some of the jurisdictions formed specialized tactical units known as “green teams” that focused solely on the enforcement of marijuana production. In this paper, we evaluate the effectiveness of green teams using a Geographic Information System (GIS) and difference-in-difference estimates. The results indicate that green teams decrease grow operations within their target area without significant displacement to surrounding areas.

论刑事政策的评估

刑事政策评估的内容包括效益评估、成本评估、影响评估、过程评估、价值评估 ,其评估方法有前后对比法、成本效益分析法。影响刑事政策评估的重要因素有 :评估体制、评估主体、评估方法、评估环境等 ,应建立多层次、多方位的刑事政策评估机制。     

资产社会政策在我国反贫困中的应用前景分析

资产社会政策既关系到个人的生活状况和社会保障,又关系到社会的稳定与发展。建立个人发展账户在我国现行社会保障制度中意义重大。个人发展账户对于提高穷人的自身积累能力,使其逐步获得一份资产,进而摆脱贫困,是一项积极的反贫困措施。我国改革中设计出的“统账结合”的方式,反贫困意味不强。发展账户的“发展”和照顾贫困人群的特点,是普通账户或单项福利账户所无法替代的。目前,根据我国贫困状况和个人收入,以“低保+能力建设+个人发展账户”的模式来完善社会保障,是一条较为有效的途径。     

“上有政策、下有对策”现象之研究——以煤矿安全生产政策执行受阻为例

政策执行是把政府公共政策付诸实践,解决社会问题的活动.政策执行过程中的利益最大化追求、权力寻租、政策缺陷、监控不力等因素造成了上有政策下有对策行为,保证政策顺利实施就需要建立健全政策执行中的权力制约体系、政策制定体系以及监控体系,从而减少政策执行中的"下有对策"行为的发生.