Robots,standards and the law: Rivalries between private standards and public policymaking for robot governance

This article explains the complex intertwinement between public and private regulators in the case of robot technology. Public policymaking ensures broad multi-stakeholder protected scope, but its abstractness often fails in intelligibility and applicability. Private standards, on the contrary, are more concrete and applicable, but most of the times they are voluntary and reflect industry interests. The ‘better regulation’ approach of the EU may increase the use of evidence to inform policy and lawmaking, and the involvement of different stakeholders. Current hard-lawmaking instruments do not appear to take advantage of the knowledge produced by standard-based regulations, virtually wasting their potential benefits. This fact affects the legal certainty with regards to a fast-paced changing environment like robotics. In this paper, we investigate the challenges of overlapping public/private regulatory initiatives that govern robot technologies in general, and in the concrete of healthcare robot technologies. We wonder until what extent robotics should be governed only by standards. We also reflect on how public policymaking could increase their technical understanding of robot technology to devise an applicable and comprehensive framework for this technology. In this respect, we propose different ways to integrate the technical know-how into policymaking (e.g., collecting the data/knowledge generated from the impact assessments in shared data repositories, and using it for evidence-based policies) and to strengthen the legitimacy of standards.     

越南侨民战略的调整与实践及其初步成效

1986年越南实行“革新开放”政策后,出于吸引更多海外侨资的需要,开始着手对侨民政策进行调整和修正。2004年36号决议出台,越南对侨民战略进行了重大调整。政府改变了过去对来自西方国家越侨的警惕和排斥态度,对海外越南人的身份地位进行了重新界定。并通过修订《投资法》和《国籍法》,颁布一系列出入境和房地产优惠政策等方式,为越侨回国探亲、定居和投资创造更加便利的条件。并初步形成了法律和政策框架系统,吸引了大批拥有一定资本和技术专长的越侨回国发展,开展合作。改善并加强了越南政府与海外越南人在政治、经济、文化科技等各方面的联系。越南自身经济和对外关系也得到了迅速的提升与发展。     

Examining Prison Effects on Recidivism: A Regression Discontinuity Approach

The “get-tough” era of punishment led to exponential growth in the rate of incarceration in the United States. Recent reviews of the literature indicate, however, that limited rigorous research exists examining the effect of imprisonment on the likelihood of future offending. As a result, scholars have called for assessment of this relationship, while using methodologies that can better account for selection effects. This study addresses these calls directly by applying regression discontinuity, a methodology well suited to account for selection bias, on a cohort of felony offenders in Florida. Results suggest that prison, as compared to non-incarcerative sanctions, has no appreciable impact on recidivism. Although no differential effects surfaced across race/ethnicity, the analyses indicated that imprisonment exerts a differential effect by gender with the effect being more criminogenic among males than females.     

期刊栏目设计的个性化追求

期刊栏目设计要追求个性化,形成风格,以保证期刊定位准确,提升文化含量,实现精品战略.个性化栏目的外部特征为统一性、原创性、稳定性;个性化栏目设计的结构要求为排列有规律、宽度有长短、品牌要固定.期刊编辑要不断提高素质和能力,为期刊栏目设计的个性化做出努力.     

传统文化给艺术设计教学带来新思路--浅谈建设具有湖湘文化特色的艺术设计教学体系

建设具有地方文化特色的艺术设计教学体系,将已有的地方文化研究成果进行归纳、整合作为教学的重要内容,以满足社会对多元化人才的需求。     

黄遵宪与晚清侨务

黄遵宪作为晚清的著名外交家,为维护海外华侨的利益,加强海外华侨社会与祖国的联系,为清政府改变华侨政策等都作出了重要贡献.黄遵宪深受广大华侨的爱戴,被誉为当时保护华侨利益的第一人.     

论日本的朝鲜半岛政策与日韩邦交正常化

“二战”后日本总的朝鲜半岛政策就是“两个朝鲜”政策。以此为前提,在不同的历史时期,日本根。据国际、国内形势的变化,采取了不同的具体对韩政策。20世纪60年代以前,处于战后复兴阶段的日本,为自身的国家利益考虑,在对朝鲜半岛殖民统治的认识、韩国对日请求权、日韩渔业纷争、在日朝鲜人等问题上对韩采取了强硬政策。之后,随着日本经济的高速增长和美国东亚政策的调整,日本从现实的国家利益及配合美国的东亚战略的角度出发,搁置日韩在殖民统治认识问题上的争议,迅速着手解决影响当代日韩关系发展的最大障碍——韩国对日请求权问题和日韩渔业纷争问题,实现了日韩邦交正常化。     

关于公安院校《形势与政策》课程建设的思考

《形势与政策》是公安院校思想政治理论课的重要组成部分,是对学生进行形势与政策教育的主渠道和主阵地,因此对课程的教学目标、教学内容、教学方法及教学手段进行了理论研究,并探讨其与普通高校的区别。进而通过具体教学组织形式进行研究与实践,形成适合公安院学生特点的、富有公安院校特色的教学模式,切实提高了《形势与政策》课的教学效果和教学质量。     

地方工科院校毕业设计“创新模式和创新能力”的探索与实践

毕业设计对工科院校学生创新能力的培养起着举足轻重的作用,阐述了现有毕业设计的局限性与不足之处,针对如何培养学生的创新能力进行了探讨,分析了在毕业设计类型划分、保障制度以及实施步骤等环节中的创新能力培养的方法,通过开展多种模式的毕业设计以更好地培养学生的创新能力,最后通过建立完整的毕业设计操作规范和切实可行的实施步骤,以达到改革现有毕业设计的目的。