The development of policy actors involved in the Bologna reform in Ukraine

The Bologna Process is an international policy project for the convergence of higher education structures in the European Higher Education Area. Most of the literature on Bologna represents studies that focus on the implementation implications of the reforms. The focus on the reform process, particularly in relation to the development process of Bologna policy actors, has been under-represented in the literature. This article investigates the process of the development of the main policy actors involved in the Bologna reform in the case of Ukraine. The timeframe includes the pre-history of Bologna since Ukrainian independence in 1991 until after the introduction of the relevant policy changes in 2003, and through to the issue of 2014 Law on Higher Education. Empirical data were collected through interviews with higher education actors in Ukraine and policy document search. Both types of data were thematically analyzed. The analysis in this article is informed by the policy learning theory and demonstrates the interconnection between path-dependency and change in the development of policy actors in the Bologna reform in Ukraine. This article shows that the old clusters of higher education actors, and the pre-Bologna relationships amongst some of them have been reproduced during the Bologna reform. At the same time, such a reproduction of the old during the reform was only partial as the Bologna Process has also been altering the relationships among some actors to an extent.     

Single-party government,Prime Minister psychology,and the diversionary use of force: theory and evidence from the British case

ABSTRACT

This paper develops expectations about the likelihood of diversionary conflict initiation by parliamentary democracies with single-party majoritarian (SPM) governments. While most of the literature on diversion and governmental arrangement claims that SPMs have little incentive and/or limited capacity to execute diversionary gambits, we contend that the structural and environmental impetuses for diversion in such states are in fact largely indeterminate. We posit that the psychological attributes of prime ministers under SPM – in particular, their level of distrust – is the most important predictor of how they view structural and environmental constraints, and thus of whether they will militarily divert from poor economic conditions. Distrustful prime ministers are predisposed to the use of force, will dwell on the costs of economic problems, and fear that co-partisan MPs (especially in the cabinet) have designs on their office. Thus, despite having a legislative majority, these leaders will choose diversionary conflict over economic policy fixes. We conduct a partial test of this hypothesis in the British case from 1945 to 2007, and our analyses provide robust support.     

美国与巴基斯坦关系的改善及其制约因素

冷战后,巴基斯坦在美国外交中的战略地位明显下降,特朗普上台后更是重印轻巴,推出了高度重视印度的南亚战略和印太战略,对巴基斯坦则实行极限施压政策以逼其加大反恐力度。美国的政策变化引起了巴基斯坦政府和民众的不满与抵制,两国间出现激烈的外交纷争,美巴关系陷入僵局。然而,巴基斯坦在美国的阿富汗战争和外交战略中处于不可忽视的地位,并且巴基斯坦是具有一定的对美反制能力的地区强国,特朗普政府在更为重要的阿富汗和谈问题上需要得到巴基斯坦的帮助。在权衡利弊后,特朗普政府调整对巴基斯坦政策,从以压促变调整为拉拢利用,美巴关系随之从高度紧张走向逐渐缓和。然而,美巴在短期利益和长远战略上都存在难以弥合的矛盾和分歧,双边关系发展缺乏坚实的合作基础和长远计划,两国在主要的共同利益——阿富汗政治和解方面存在目标和利益差异。此外,美印关系不断提升,使美巴双边关系的进一步发展困难重重。美国不愿放弃在巴基斯坦及邻近地区的战略利益,短期内会维持美巴合作,但从长远看,众多挑战和制约因素使两国关系存在较大的不确定性。美巴关系的走向不仅影响到南亚局势,还会冲击到我国的周边安全、中巴关系的发展以及"一带一路"倡议的推进,应当密切关注。     

我国农民工心理健康与保护策略研究概述(2010-2019年)

农民工从乡村到城市后,面对就业收入、子女教育、人际关系等剧烈变化的陌生环境,往往承受着较大的心理压力。过高压力可能带来诸多社会和医学问题,导致事故、酗酒、意外伤亡、自杀和家庭破裂,使社会蒙受巨大损失。解决农民工心理健康问题牵涉到社会保障、城市管理、工业发展等工作,需要政府及卫生部门、安监部门、社会保障部门等密切配合,供给有效保护农民工心理健康的社会政策。     

加强我国公共卫生治理体系和治理能力现代化的思考——以科学认识和把握疫情防控的新常态为视角

全球范围内,变异流感病毒感染事件的发生间隔期出现缩短的趋势,进入20世纪90年代以后,这种事件平均每2年就发生一次。当前,我国新型冠状病毒感染的肺炎疫情(以下简称“新冠肺炎疫情”)防控的“总体战、阻击战”取得了重要的阶段性成果,但新型冠状病毒也许不会像SARS那样很快消失。因此,需要经常应对新发传染病的挑战或许会成为疫情防控的“新常态”。本文在分析新冠肺炎疫情本身的特点和全球新发传染病流行趋势的基础上,本着学先进、补短板、堵漏洞、强弱项的原则,提出在疫情防控进入“新常态”后如何有效加强我国公共卫生治理体系和治理能力现代化的建议。     

少数民族文化在艺术中的发展

中华文化发展至今,已经历经了千年时光的冲刷,汇聚了来自五湖四海的多民族文化,逐渐成为国际文化中一簇璀璨的星团,彰显着我国不可忽视的国际地位。少数民族文化是这一星团中一颗颗耀眼的星光,有很强的民族象征性。在开放的国际格局下,诸多艺术设计都包含着少数民族文化的缩影。本文结合对少数民族文化的概述,以及与艺术之间的关系分析,从衣着、美术、建筑设计和舞蹈创作中详细阐述民族文化在艺术中的发展历程。     

肾康颗粒提取工艺的正交实验

目的:优选肾康颗粒提取工艺.方法:以浸膏得率及黄芪甲苷含量为指标,采用正交验法.结果:最佳工艺为:以400 ml/L乙醇为提取溶媒,加液量10倍,提取3次,每次1 h.     

朝鲜核问题的三种解决前景与中国的政策选择

朝鲜核问题有三种发展变化前景:第一种前景,美国对朝发动军事打击,引发东北亚局部战争;第二种前景,通过谈判和平解决,朝放弃核武计划,美等有关国家向朝提供经济与安全补偿;第三种前景,朝在时机有利时突破核门槛,成为事实上的核国家。第一种前景和第三种前景都不符合中国的利益,中国应努力争取朝核问题循第二途解决。     

侦查案例教学的课程设计

案例教学法在侦查教学中已被广为推崇,但是,大多数人所理解和使用的案例教学法都过于简单或存在误解。侦查案例教学必须精心进行课程设计,把握课前准备过程、课堂教学过程和教学评价过程中的重要环节。只有这样,才能使案例教学法趋于成熟和完善,从而深化侦查教学的改革。     

WTO框架下的金融服务贸易与资本流动和金融稳定

WTO下的金融自由化与资本账户的放开并非等同。GATS允许成员方有选择地进行金融承诺的特点为成员方通过对金融自由化政策的科学管理来实现金融稳定和发展提供了条件。不同服务提供方式和不同部门的自由化对金融稳定具有不同影响 ,允许外国金融机构在国内建立商业存在 (但不过分限制其业务经营 )、覆盖范围广泛的金融自由化通常对金融稳定具有良好的效果。这一研究视角及结论为我国管理金融服务政策提供了有用的分析工具和有益的借鉴。