利益表达：社会团体对公共政策的影响力

中国社会团体在公共政策的制定过程中扮演着非常重要的角色,发挥着特殊的作用。全国妇联作为维护妇女权益的组织,根据不同时期面临的公共政策制定环境,在博弈过程中,采取了非程序化策略、社会动员、资源集聚和舆论宣传等手段,使妇女阶段性就业这一政策倡议无法从制度上得以产生,确保了妇女解放运动以来所获得的劳动权利,使全国妇联施展的政治影响力最大化。     

社会主义政治文明进程初探

政治文明进程具有丰富的内容。政治文明进程是公民政治参与意识和参与活动不断增长的过程;是公民政治参与活动逐渐组织化的过程;是通过不断的制度创新使政治参与逐渐有序化、理性化的过程;是政治活动中的各种政治行为规范逐步法律化的过程;也是政治的价值和规范逐渐被公民内化的过程。     

论心理健康教育在人的全面发展现实层面的地位

心理学以及建立在心理学基础上的心理健康教育运用科学手段,从个体的角度全面地认识和发展人。因此它既能实现客观历史条件下“人的相对全面发展”(或现实的人的全面发展),同时又是通往马克思“人的全面发展”的现实科学途径。     

教育心理学在中学科学教学中的应用

教育心理学学习理论指导中学科学教学有其自身优点及缺点。所以应该注意在教学中的几个问题。并且应用教育心理学在指导学生学习动机和分析学生学习心理中有重要意义。     

“双刃剑”:负面新闻传播的政治效应

新闻传播与社会政治运行关系密切,特别是负面新闻的传播对政治的影响更为显著,它既可以发挥稳定政治并促进其发展的积极效应,如促进政策法规完善、整合力量化解危机、监督社会引导国民、宣泄民意舒缓矛盾;也可以产生影响政治阻碍其运行的消极作用,如造成社会盲动、引发错误思潮、腐蚀政治关系。新闻工作者所进行的传播活动都是为人民大众、为国家建设服务的,在负面新闻的传播过程中,应努力做到及时公开、真实报道、科学传播以及数量掌控,发挥其正面效应,保障社会政治的健康运行。     

从受话人心理看公安民警口语的运用

公安民警苦练基本功包括提高口语运用的能力。公安民警在接警、侦查取证、巡逻盘查,以及与劫匪谈判等各项警务工作中都要频繁地使用口语。由于公安行业的特殊性,公安民警口语也具有自己突出的特点、类型和特定的受话主体,因此,公安民警应根据受话人的心理,有针对性地采取相应的口语技巧,以提高执法水平。     

The counterfactual fallacy: Confusing what might have been with what ought to have been

The thesis of this article is that reactions to misfortunes are often biased by the counterfactual fallacy: the tendency to view events that can easily be imagined otherwise as events that ought not to have been. Drawing upon a diverse set of empirical findings we demonstrate that victims' and observers' reactions to misfortunes depend on the extent to which the event prompts them to generate counterfactual thoughts or images of more positive alternatives. We discuss the factors that determine the ease with which a negative event can be imagined otherwise, along with their relevance to a variety of justice-relevant responses, including perceptions of deservingness, recommendations for compensation, and blame assignment.     

Why procedural justice in organizations?

This article reviews the existing research and theory on procedural justice and considers how it may be applied to the study of organizational behavior. It begins by distinguishing between the concepts of distributive justice and procedural justice and noting the historical contexts within which they emerged. Existing conceptual contributions and the research inspired by them are reviewed. The few existing studies applying procedural justice notions to organizational contexts are summarized, and the contributions of the articles to the present issue of this journal are reviewed relative to these efforts. The article closes by discussing the dual benefits of studying procedural justice in organizations: the enhanced understanding of the concept of justice and the behavior of people in organizations.     

进化心理学：当代西方心理学发展的一种新取向

进化心理学是近年在西方心理学中出现的一种新的研究取向,目前仍没有一个明确的概念和系统的理论.其基本主张是:过去是理解心理机制的关键,功能分析是理解心理机制的主要途径,心理机制是在解决问题的过程中演化形成的,模块性是心理机制整体组织的特性,人的行为是心理机制和环境互动作用的结果.它的发展与当代科学发展趋势相一致,它的研究促进了对人性和心理的进一步思考,开辟了心理学的一些新的研究领域;对其它学科的研究具有重要的启发作用.但它具有遗传决定论的倾向,方法论存在一定的缺陷,忽视了文化对进化的意义等等.     

Nonparticipation as Self-Censorship: Publicly Observable Political Activity in a Polarized Opinion Climate

In a polarized opinion climate, people may refrain from participating in publicly observable political activities that make them vulnerable to scrutiny and criticism by others who hold opinions that differ from their own. We took a dispositional approach to testing this claim by determining whether people who are relatively more influenced by the climate of opinion when choosing whether or not to voice an opinion, measured with the Willingness to Self-Censor scale [Hayes et al. International Journal of Public Opinion Research 17 (2005) 298], are also relatively less likely to engage in public political activities. In a poll of residents of the United States, we found that even after controlling for interest in politics, political ideology, ideological extremity, political efficacy, attention to political news, dispositional shyness, frequency of political discussion, and demographics, dispositional self-censors reported having engaged in relatively fewer public political activities over the prior 2 years compared to those less willing to censor their own opinion expression. These results are consistent with our interpretation of political participation as a social process that is governed in part by the social psychological implications of participation to the person. At a larger theoretical level, our findings connect the literature on opinion perceptions and opinion expression with research on political participation.