从“物上负担”到“担保物权”的范式转换——以船员工资优先权之产生为视角的解释论

依英美法＂物上负担＂的理论,船员工资优先权产生于＂为船舶提供服务＂的事实,而依大陆法系＂担保物权＂的理论,这一权利产生的依据则在于其所担保的工资债权。对此,应从比较法学中的＂功能主义＂立场出发,界定船员劳动之事实行为的性质,并由此提出补充适用《中华人民共和国物权法》第30条以确立船员工资优先权产生的法律效果,从而在真正意义上实现船员工资优先权从＂物上负担＂到＂担保物权＂的范式转换。     

Analysis of Job Market in Germany and Spain in Order to Reduce Unemployment in Serbia

The percentage of unemployed in Germany was at the lower level than in Spain until 2004. In 2004, the percentage of jobless citizens in Germany almost reached Spanish average, while in 2005 and 2006, German unemployment rate even overcame Spanish one. During the period of the crisis, unemployment rate in Spain has been nearly five times higher than in Germany and more than two times higher than the average unemployment rate in the EU. Youth unemployment in Spain is 50%. On the other side, Germany is becoming even stronger in the period of crisis The incredible recovery that Germany experienced after World War II is commonly referred to as the Wirtschaftswunder, which translates into English as the ＂economic miracle＂. It can be said that Germany＇s successful recovery following the global financial crisis could justifiably be classified as the Wirtschaftswunder II. In Serbia, situation is much worse than in above-mentioned countries and it could not be concluded that it is just caused by the crisis. Periods of wars, economic sanctions and hyperinflation, as well as the transition process from the centrally planned to the market economy caused great number of jobs to be lost.     

Democratic Transition and Economic Transition： The Case of Tunisia

This paper develops the issue of economic transition linked to a democratic transition that a developing country, Tunisia, is living following the revolution of 2011. Tunisia has made a profound change, it is currently developing new institutions, however, it is not an annuitant country, its activities and economic performances depend on political stability and the choice of the implemented politico-economic system. The question is whether the operating political forces will affect the direction of structural changes, thus toward a transition of breakage or the direction of adaptive transition. Neo-liberalism, practiced for 30 years, has developed an entrepreneurship structured as small and medium enterprises, whose performances are variable according to the sector and the state role. With the revolution, the country entered in a phase of political, social, and economic instability. A new constitution is passed, the political system installs the multiparty system, the country has a tradition of openness to the rest of the world, the challenges are numerous and the question of the role of the state in the economic sphere is very acute. The analysis is based on the observation of facts and the review and analysis of data relating to politics and economy, observed in the period before the revolution and after the revolution.     

委内瑞拉利益集团与政治变迁

利益集团是政治变迁中重要的政治行为体之一。作为委内瑞拉传统的利益集团,工人联合会与商会联合会的发展在制度的长期作用下形成了独特的路径依赖。特别是自1958年菲霍角体系建立以后,两大利益集团通过咨询委员会与分权公共管理部门的设置充分参与整个决策过程。由于利益集团自身强大的实力以及总统、行政机关、国会等其他行为体的角色设定,利益集团在决策过程中起到举足轻重的作用。两大利益集团在此过程中与政府、政党、公民社会的紧密联系促进了利益表达机制的高效性。但随着20世纪80年代委内瑞拉经济的衰退,利益集团与政府、政党、公民社会之间的关系逐渐恶化,原有的利益表达机制受到破坏。利益表达渠道受阻引起了公民社会的不满与抗议,社会矛盾与政治冲突加剧,进而对20世纪80年代的政治危机与经济危机的爆发产生重大影响。在全面危机爆发之后,委内瑞拉以菲霍角协议为基础的政治协商体系瓦解,以查韦斯为代表的左翼政党开始登上政治舞台,委内瑞拉政治进程进入新阶段。     

公共服务供给的中间模式——以上海市自强社会服务总社为例

在公共服务供给领域,事业单位的行政依附性和服务垄断性越来越不能适应市场经济的发展和人们日益多元的需求,而社会组织由于内部建设和外部环境的诸多问题,还不能有效地提供公共服务,因而有必要在两者的基础上,结合中国实际,探索一种公共服务供给的新模式,既保证组织有较高的能力和较好的政府关系又不影响组织的独立性和竞争机制的引入。鉴于对事业单位模式和社会组织模式进行比较的基础上,政府推动建立、组织自主运作的中间模式不失为可行的第三条路。     

The death of security sector reform? The South African exemplar revisited

ABSTRACT

Security sector reform (SSR) or transformation in South Africa has until recently almost universally been regarded as a success. While achievements have been real and many are enduring, under the presidency of Jacob Zuma a creeping effort by corrupt parvenu elites to capture the state for personal enrichment has become evident. The impact of this on the SSR project has not been sufficiently analysed. This article does not deal with state capture per se, which would be massive task and for which evidence is still emerging. It limits itself to the impact of state capture on the SSR project, examining the hollowing out of the defence function, as well as the corruption and factional politicisation of the intelligence, policing and prosecutions functions (it does not deal with the capture of state-owned enterprises, which would require a study in its own right). It concludes that SSR has been significantly undermined. The question is asked whether a resurrection is possible or desirable.     

制度变迁中地方核心行动者的行动空间拓展与行为异化

脱胎于西方高度结构化制度环境中的新制度主义与我国低制度化的现实环境存在明显的错配,导致与常识性经验体认不符。而以地方核心行动者为视角来解析制度变迁中地方行动空间的拓展与行为异化则可以破解这一难题。我国制度变迁的波动性、制度非耦合性及实施机制不健全都给地方核心行动者扩大了行动空间。这种空间的拓展也带来了追求短期政绩、职能错位及类苏丹化现象,需要我们不断加强制度供给。     

法律实践如何面对“家庭”?

转型中国的法律实践在处理有关家庭伦理与亲情的问题上,采用了一些积极而又零散的做法。这种能动而混乱的实践逻辑,既表明转型中国家庭问题的复杂性,也反映出转型中国的法律实践还缺少一个统一的家庭法哲学来指导。实际上,不仅家庭伦理和道德是法律伦理与精神的来源,而且家庭关系与家庭秩序也是社会关系和秩序的根本;更重要的,家庭能力还是国家整体能力的基石。因此,在社会转型、全球化以及大国崛起的整体背景下,当下中国的法律实践,就不仅必须要为中国家庭的战略地位进行重新定位,而且也必须要为家庭功能的重塑与家庭的重建提供各方面的支持;这样,在处理家庭问题上,它就既要审慎,也要开放。     

Spheno-occipital synchondrosis fusion in modern Americans

This study examines spheno-occipital synchondrosis fusion in the modern American population and presents age ranges for forensic use. The sample includes 162 modern individuals aged 5-25 years. The basilar synchondrosis was scored as open, closing, or closed via direct inspection of the ectocranial site of the suture. Transition analysis was used to determine the average ages at which an individual transitions from unfused to fusing and from fusing to fused. The maximum likelihood estimates from the transition analysis indicate that females are most likely to transition from open to closing at 11.4 years and males at 16.5 years. Females transition from closing to closed at 13.7 years and males at 17.4 years. The probability distributions associated with these maximum likelihood estimates were used to derive age ranges for age estimation purposes. These results reflect sexual dimorphism in basilar synchondrosis fusion and agree approximately with average age at pubertal onset.     

刑事诉讼的制度变迁与理论发展——从《刑事诉讼的中国模式》切入

根据《刑事诉讼的中国模式》一书展示的两个理论命题（合作性司法模式和案卷笔录中心主义）,以一种制度变迁的大历史观和理性行动者视角,站在社会科学研究的立场,分别从刑民边界模糊还是清晰、两种司法正义观的冲突以及时空交错背景下的刑事诉讼制度变迁三个角度对刑事诉讼法学中的一些重要的学理问题进行了深入探讨。基于此,对于未来的刑事诉讼制度变革,＂拿来主义＂式的法律移植效果恐怕不佳。在司法实践层面,我们可能需要更多地方性的制度创新和试错;在理论研究层面,则需要更多扎实的实证研究和基于中国问题的理论创新。