论债权人撤销权判决的实现路径——以指导案例118号为中心

获得胜诉判决不是债权人行使撤销权的终点,债务人的责任财产实际恢复,才能有效保全债权。最高人民法院指导案例118号从执行程序角度给出了撤销权判决实现的方案,但未完全解决问题。债权人撤销权判决有两种类型,一为形成判决,一为形成判决与给付判决之复合,后者包含返还财产的给付内容,借助执行程序才能使被转移的财产回归债务人的责任财产。主债权可以强制执行时,因撤销权判决能回复物权,债权人可直接执行被转移的财产清偿债权,一体实现保全债权和清偿债权,但这一简便路径不适用于返还标的为金钱的案件。更简化的“执行脱逸财产”方案缺乏正当性。主债权不能强制执行时,撤销权判决应通过独立的执行程序实现,该指导案例就此确立的执行当事人规则完全正确。“撤销权与代位权同时行使”的方案忽视了执行程序对于撤销权行使的意义,没有必要性和可行性。     

The use of DNA stabilizing solution to enable room temperature storage and transportation of buccal and trace sample swabs

It is proposed that a DNA stabilizing solution (DNA Genotek Inc.) designed to preserve DNA in saliva samples at room temperature can be extrapolated to the storage of swab heads. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the solution for the preservation of reference swabs (buccal) and trace samples (facial swabs). To this end, the solution was used during a twin-site DNA transfer project assessing background levels of carer DNA present in children. Tubes containing 400 μl of solution were used to store and transport swab heads. At the laboratory, samples were extracted using the QIAamp DNA Mini Kit (Qiagen), quantified using the Quantifiler Duo Kit and profiled using the AmpF?STR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit (both Applied Biosystems). Twenty-eight PCR cycles were applied to all samples. Thirty-four cycles or a longer electrophoresis injection time was applied to trace samples where necessary. All Reference swabs produced high quantities of DNA and full DNA profiles after 28 cycles. Profile morphology indicated good quality DNA with no degradation. Of the trace samples, sufficient profiles were achieved to study the transfer of carer DNA making the solution fit for continued use in this project. DNA stabilizing solution enables the storage and transportation of swabs without freezing. This is convenient, reduces transportation costs and enables instant analysis of samples upon arrival at the laboratory. This is a useful alternative for a multi-site research project as well as a reliable storage tool for use in remote areas.     

论保全诉讼中被申请人利益的保障

保全程序是一种单方审理程序,但是在对行为进行的保全中,由于存在本案化的可能,就不能一味地追求对申请人利益的保护,还需要适当地考虑被申请人的利益。一方面,最低程序保障要求从形式上保障被申请人有参与程序的机会,另一方面,在作出实质裁决的时候,应当考虑裁决的执行将会给被申请人带来的影响。     

Evaluation of the Abandoned Shipwreck Act of 1987: Impact and Challenges for Preserving Underwater Cultural Heritage

In the demand of regulatory policy to control salvage of shipwrecks and protect the nation's underwater cultural heritage, the Abandoned Shipwreck Act of 1987 allowed the exception of the admiralty law to give states authority and management of abandoned shipwrecks for the purposes of preservation and recreation. Due to the lack of its regulatory power and vague standards, the Act has been harshly criticized for being ineffectual in resolving conflicts between commercial salvors, and states or protecting illicit salvage. This research will examine the purpose and impact of the policy under the framework of the National Historic Preservation Act, which restrained options in the policymaking. While acknowledging its limitations, this research finds that the Act enabled the inclusion of historic shipwrecks in the nation's preservation system, allowed funding, and promoted its use for public benefits. Studying the Act in the policy context of the U.S. historic preservation can promote the rightful understanding of its policy limitations as well as impact, and support feasible policy improvement.     

Public Policy and Political Dynamics of Heritage Conservation in the United States

Policy making and advocacy efforts throughout the legislative history of heritage conservation display the gaps in heritage conservation in the United States. To represent the political dynamics at the federal level in both intangible and tangible cultural heritage policy discussions, this article will examine cases of legislative processes: the policy discussions to amend the National Historic Preservation Act (NHPA) in 1997 and 2005 and the reauthorization of the American Folklife Center (AFC). The study will focus on the subgovernment framework in heritage policy to demonstrate institutionalization of policy discussion and review the intergovernmentalism and decentralization in heritage conservation.     

从死刑的存废谈毒品犯罪死刑的限制

在人类的文明史上,死刑是资格最老的刑罚之一,其历史至少和国家的历史一样漫长。死刑又是发育、成熟最早的刑罚,当其他刑罚还处于萌芽幼稚状态时,死刑即进入了自己的“黄金时期”。死刑还是最早进入衰亡时期的刑罚之一,随着人类社会从农业文明进入工业文明,商品经济取代自然经济,死刑的生存便出现了危机。死刑存废之争已持续了二百多年,从我国刑法来看,死刑仍然占有十分重要的地位,对于死刑的适用还较为广泛。在现代法治社会里,死刑的设置与适用应极为慎重。对毒品犯罪的死刑使用应当予以必要限制。     

论电子邮件证据的保全和应用

电子邮件是Internet应用最广的服务,它不仅能够用于传送文件、个人通信、利用"匿名FTP"访问远程信息资源等,还可以被用来传输商务往来文件,进行E-mail论坛讨论。由于电子邮件的内容反映了案件当事人的行为,留下了行为人制作、发送和接收电子邮件的相关信息,所以,电子邮件的内容对于证明某些待证事实具有重要作用。为此,有必要在介绍电子邮件的工作原理的基础上,探讨电子邮件证据在诉讼中的保全原则和方法,以及在诉讼中的应用。     

简论江南古民居的保护与开发——以湖州衣裳街周宅、王宅为例

近年来各级政府加大对江南古民居的保护与开发力度,湖州衣裳街的周宅、王宅得到应有的重视与保护,取得可喜成绩。但也应看到,在对古民居的保护与开发中还存在许多亟待解决的问题。必须制订完善规划,采取切实可行的相关措施,才能对江南古民居进行充分的保护与开发。     

工会依法维护困难职工群体合法权益责无旁贷

当前,把困难职工群体作为维护和服务的主要对象,是工会服务于党的中心任务的需要,是工会义不容辞的责任。