THE DEMOGRAPHIC AND SPATIAL PATTERNS OF RECORDED RAPE IN A LARGE UK METROPOLITAN AREA

The present study details a social contextual analysis of 172 rapes and attempted rapes that occurred in a large metropolitan area in the UK. The main focus of the present study concerns the demographic characteristics of rape victims and offenders, including their age and ethnicity, vis-à-vis their relationship. The study also considers the geographic distribution of offences and their relationship to ethnicity and socio-economic status. Our data clearly indicate that the age of offenders is significantly associated with the nature of the victim–offender relationship, and that rape tends to be intra-racial. The data also provide unique comparisons to be made with contextual data on rapes in rural settings. The implications of these findings for the prevention and deterrence of rape, the recording of rape by the police, and the impact of such findings on public education are considered.     

The School-Based Violence Prevention Planning Program

Abstract

Despite a growing research literature identifying evidence-based prevention strategies, schools often adopt programs lacking evidentiary support (Gottfredson and Gottfredson, 2002; Ringwalt et al., 2002). Further, when evidence-based programs are adopted they often suffer from poor implementation (Gottfredson and Gottfredson, 2002). This gap between research and practice defines a need for efforts to further the dissemination and effective implementation of evidence-based prevention strategies. The School-Based Violence Prevention Planning Program (SBV3P) is designed to improve the dissemination of evidence-based prevention strategies by building the capacity of school personnel to identify and effectively implement violence prevention strategies that have substantial empirical support. In this program, prevention planning teams from schools create violence prevention plans by progressing through a structured planning framework emphasizing data-driven decision making and the use of empirically validated violence prevention strategies. To build capacity, participating teams are provided with training, technical assistance, and online resources. Here we present the SBV3P and review a pilot test of this program.     

对当前预防和打击拐卖儿童犯罪的思考——昆明市公安机关预防和打击拐卖儿童犯罪专项整治分析

近年来,昆明市公安局不间断地组织专项打击整治行动,有效遏制了拐卖儿童犯罪案件的多发势头。但此类案件还是边打边发,难以有效根治。原因:1、买方市场巨大的需求,刺激着拐卖儿童犯罪的滋生与蔓延;2、城市外来务工人员违反计划生育,子女“放养”现象普遍。建议:1、从立法上加大对拐入地买方市场和买主的打击、惩处力度;2、对不履行监护职责的家长制定具体的处罚条款;3、出台打击拐卖儿童犯罪协作工作机制;4、建立全国性的失踪被拐儿童父母DNA数据库。     

对盗窃自行车、助动车犯罪及其防控的经济分析

从“经济人”的理论来分析“两车”盗窃行为,可以看出,盗窃“两车”的低成本和对“两车”极大的需求是导致“两窃”泛滥的原因。提高“两窃”成本、减少“两车”需求是控制“两车”盗窃的有效对策。     

FEDERAL LEGISLATION AND GUN MARKETS: HOW MUCH HAVE RECENT REFORMS OF THE FEDERAL FIREARMS LICENSING SYSTEM REDUCED CRIMINAL GUN SUPPLIERS?*

Research Summary: Following reforms of the federal firearms licensing system, nearly 70% of the nation's retail gun dealers active in 1994 dropped out of business by 1998. Dropout dealers supplied one‐third of guns recovered and traced by police but were linked to fewer crime guns than were other dealers, most likely because dropouts tended to be lower volume dealers. It is not clear if guns sold by dropouts had a higher probability of being used in crime, but guns supplied by dropouts did not move into criminal channels more quickly. Policy Implications: If federal reforms have reduced the availability of guns to criminals, the effect has probably been more modest than suggested by the overall reduction in dealers. Producing further reductions in the flow of guns to criminals through oversight of gun dealers will require refinement in the identification of problematic gun dealers.     

试论治安防范评估指标

治安防范评估对治安防范及其他公安工作具有很大的参考和导向意义,但如何评价治安防范的成效,即治安防范评估指标问题,仍有待于深入研究。治安防范的对象——治安危害及其评估指标,可分解为案件(事件、事故)统计数、公众安全感和危险等级等。治安防范的评估指标,即公安部提出的“发案少,秩序好,社会稳定,群众满意”,注重于指标的量化规定及实际工作中值得注意的问题。     

社会转型时期我国有组织犯罪的防治对策

有组织犯罪是国际社会面对的严重问题,也是我国维护政治安定和社会稳定必须正视的特殊犯罪现象。在中国社会转型时期,有组织犯罪有它产生的特定原国。中国加入WTO是社会转型的一个新的阶段,因此,寻求社会转型时期我国有组织犯罪的产生原因及防治对策,对于有效打击有组织犯罪,保障社会主义市场经济和精神文明的发展有重要的意义。     

析行政立法公安执法与艾滋病防治的冲突关系

2006年3月1日实行的《艾滋病防治条例》“社区药物维持治疗、清洁针具交换、重点场所推广使用安全套”三大举措是防治艾滋病立法的进步,但对法律的有关规定应当得到必要的重申并得到广泛的遵守和执行。通过立法,把法制原则、公安执法与实际需要紧密结合,使其相互协调,结束冲突,使艾滋病防治工作更加完备。     

建筑物区分所有权制度对社区警务工作的影响

建筑物区分所有权制度下形成的城市居民小区是现代城市的基本社区单元,也是每一个社区民警的工作重心之所在。了解区分所有这一重要的物权法制度以及该制度下形成的现代城市社区的特点,是做好社区警务工作的重要前提条件之一;区分所有这一现代物权法制度使城市居民小区具有了很多新特点,给社区警务工作带来了多方面的影响与冲击。社区民警应该顺应社会发展潮流,转变思想观念,改进工作方法,锐意进取、大胆创新,才能打开社区警务工作的新局面。     

道路交通事故的世界性对策——2004年公安部道路交通安全业务培训“核心观点“及启示

道路交通安全是各国政府共同关注的问题,加、澳两国是世界公认的交通发达国家,多年积累起来的丰富的交通管理经验、现代交通工程理念、规范完善的工作机制对遏制道路交通事故发生、确保畅通安全发挥了很大作用,对我国发展现代化交通管理提供了借鉴.