Revisionist history,visionary criminology,and needs-based justice

Although there may be some value in debating the question of whatever happened to radical criminology, I believe that it is more productive to think in terms of radical and/or critical continuities in pedagogy, research, and practice that have survived time and can be linked to current efforts in visionary criminology and transformative justice. Examining changes in the study of crime and justice from such a perspective, it can be argued that the antiestablishment criminologies of the year 2003 are not any more marginal, and in fact may be less marginal today than when radical criminology first burst onto the scene in the early 1970s.     

Ideological Congruence among European Political Parties

Do European political parties represent the ideology of their voters well? This research aims to provide an empirical appreciation of the levels to which Members of Parliament (MPs) ideologically represent their electorate within political parties in 12 European countries. The variable used is left–right self-placement and representation is measured through congruence. Three main hypotheses are tested. First, MPs express greater ideological extremism than voters. Second, MPs have biased perceptions on the positioning of their electorate. Third, New Left parties exhibit higher levels of representation than the other parties. This article's findings reveal that only the second hypothesis can be supported without restrictions.     

论债的科学性与统一性

在我国的债法研究和立法过程中,存在着一种与科学性及统一性对立的趋势,甚至是以法典化的形式体现出来的解法典化趋势.法学既然是一门科学(即使是人文科学)就应当首先注重逻辑判断,然后才是价值判断,不能以主观价值判断替代客观的逻辑论证.同时,应当坚持债的统一性.统一性的前提应该是坚持“物权二分”及其必然的逻辑后果,即物权行为与债权行为的独立性与抽象性.坚持债的客体的统一性,即债的客体是行为而非现在通说的“债的客体可以是物也可以是行为”,否则物权与债权的区分就要发生模糊;坚持用“请求权”统一债法,无论是合同、侵权、无因管理还是不当得利,后果都产生请求权;坚持物权救济措施与债权的救济措施相区分,坚持债权救济措施的统一性.     

基因权的私法规范：背景、原则与体系

基因权是自然人基于自己的特定基因而享有的人格权,其终极目标是实现“基因正义”。在风险社会、多维利益、医疗决策等社会交往关系背景下,基因权利话语得以铺展,并凝炼出风险预防、权利相对、多元正义、宽容规制等特别的规范原则。我国恰当的规范选择是法律与伦理的互动模式,建构的重点和主线是以人格权保护为中心的基因权私法规范。基于我国现阶段的社会状况和立法背景,制定一部《基因权法》的可能性似乎并不存在,但《基因权法》的形式意义无疑具有政治的和法的正当性。     

成文宪法中的宗教内容比较研究

宗教信仰自由权是世界范围内各成文宪法保护的重要内容。与其他人权的宪法保护不同,宗教信仰自由权在各国宪法中具有扩散性保护特征。只有综合考量宪法规范中的宗教内容,才能准确理解宗教信仰自由权的宪法规范保护。通过在各成文宪法中查找与宗教相关的关键词,可以发现宗教信仰自由权成文宪法保护具有普遍性。以宗教信仰自由权为核心,辅之以政教关系的相关规定,构成了宗教问题宪法保护的基本框架。从内容上看,成文宪法保护的宗教信仰自由权具有内容的绝对性与相对性相统一、主体自主选择与结社自由相结合的特点;从属性上看,宗教信仰自由权具有入世性与政治性并存的特征。     

劳动权的防御权功能与国家的尊重义务

防御权功能是劳动权的首要功能,以防止国家权力的干预、为公民创设"自由空间"为旨趣。公民劳动权的起始之处,即国家权力的终止之所。防御权功能属于"主观权利"范畴,公民享有"不作为请求权"、"停止侵害请求权"。尽管我国《宪法》未规定劳动自由,然而,从"事实"与"规范"二维度看,防御权功能亦是我国劳动权的题中之义。劳动权的防御权功能之实现仰赖国家履行"消极不作为"的"尊重义务"。尊重义务是劳动权保障的根本义务,立法机关和司法机关是尊重义务的主体,行政机关在一定程度上具有尊重义务的主体资格。     

Claims to the Past. A Critical View of the Arguments Driving Repatriation of Cultural Heritage and Their Role in Contemporary Identity Politics

Abstract

This article explores the role that the worldwide movement of repatriation of human remains and cultural heritage—from museums and other institutions to minorities and indigenous populations—plays in contemporary identity politics. Beyond the obvious positive outcomes of this process, including a significant democratization of the field of archaeology, the repatriation movement poses challenges, mainly because it relies on concepts such as past–present continuity that are sometimes subtly, sometimes not so subtly, problematic for legitimizing group identities and group claims to cultural heritage and human remains. It is argued that while archaeologists and anthropologists must continue to support the idea of increasing democratization of interpreting the past, they must also maintain the right to remain critical to all claims of the past by any particular group.     

人格与权利能力的平等性辨析

大陆法系民法经历了一个由人格到权利能力再到人格和权利能力并存互用的发展过程。人格和权利能力也经历了一个由不平等到逐步趋于平等的发展过程。学术界有学者将权利能力区分为一般权利能力和特别权利能力,并据此认为权利能力具有不平等性。该观点没有看到权利能力与人格的历史继承性,也没有看到权利能力与人格在功能以及本质属性上具有同质性,更没有注意到权利能力的抽象性与权利的具体性的差别。在现代市民社会,我们应力倡:世界人民人权平等,人格平等,权利能力一律平等。     

论著作权的权利限制及其立法完善——以网络作品权利限制为视角

作者的著作权、传播者的邻接权、使用者(社会公众)的使用权,三项权利的平衡是立法者的期望。著作权法在保护网络作品著作权人权利的同时也应当对其权利进行合理的限制,以平衡网络作品的创作者与社会公众之间的利益。对网络作品著作权的权利限制是虚拟的网络世界发展的必然。应平衡网络作品著作权的权利限制与反限制。网络作品著作权的权利限制存在着尴尬,以网络作品权利限制为视角对网络作品权利限制在今后的著作权立法时的完善提出了建议。