Social structure of the Jewish quarter in Vienna during the liberal era (1850–1900)

The article examines the nature of residential and coresidential patterns in the second half of the 19th century in a district of Vienna known as Leopoldstadt, which had a large Jewish population. Analysis of a database from this district, paying attention to occupation and class variables, suggests that the Jewish population therein was more mixed than traditional interpretations suggest, and that the concentration of Jews there can plausibly be explained mainly by reference to residential choices made by Jews to live near an economic infrastructure that catered to their religious and cultural needs. The patterns identified in the data suggest further that in interpreting the residential patterns of the city it is necessary to conceptualize the problem as one of interaction between religion, economics, and residential choice.     

程序：以人为本

程序以人为本 ,这是人文主义精神在程序法治中的体现。程序应当体现对人的关爱 ,顺应人的理性发展 ,遵循程序自由原则。我们应当以“人”为基点看程序 ,程序的设置和运行中都应充满人文关怀。     

老年人保健品诈骗犯罪侦查研究——基于大数据背景

老年人保健品诈骗犯罪具有职业化、犯罪对象范围明确、犯罪手段多元、隐蔽且变异性强等特点。传统侦查方法面临受害人不能及时报案失去破案先机、侦查投入成本高、部门间协调机制不畅等困境。大数据技术可以满足人民群众快侦快破的新期待,在提供明确的侦查方向、实现犯罪深挖、助力控赃挽损等方面实现新突破。在大数据背景下,建立数据驱动侦查的大数据思维,加强警企合作并拓展整合数据来源,完善线上线下协同作战模式,提升民警的大数据侦查专业素养,有助于老年人保健品诈骗犯罪案件侦查机制的完善。     

After Waterhouse: vicarious liability and the tort of institutional abuse

As evidence of the extent of the abuse of children in residential care increases, our understanding of this terrible wrong has altered. These assaults are an institutional syndrome, at the same time that they are individual crimes; certain systems of institutional care are conducive to/foster abuse behaviour (acting as 'crucibles' rather than 'honeypots'for rogue paedophiles). A theory of vicarious (institutional) liability is appropriate if we understand a syndrome of institutional abuse in this way, as involving institutional responsibility in addition to individual fault. The recent decision of the Canadian Supreme Court in Bazley v Curry found a children's home vicariously liable for sexual assaults of an employee on the basis of responsibility through the creation of risk, an analysis of and apportionment of liability which is appropriate to the special syndrome of institutional abuse, while encouraging deterrence and providing fair and practical compensation to victims. This analysis/liability is supported by an economic analysis of institutional child abuse and decision making in child protection.     

Personal budgets in adult social care: the fact and the fiction of the Care Act 2014

ABSTRACT

Personal budgets have been heavily promoted in government policy in England as a means of increasing the personalisation of public services, particularly in the field of adult social care. The Care Act 2014 for the first time creates a statutory requirement for personal budgets to be allocated to all individuals using state funded social care. This article examines how a particular rhetoric has developed in social care policy around personal budgets, which draws freely on the language of the disabled people’s movement and suggests that grassroots ideas are the central purpose for the introduction of personal budgets into policy. It considers whether the promises made in policy are embedded in the 2014 Act and finds that there is a mismatch between claims in social care policy on the one hand and the model of personal budgets created by the 2014 Act on the other. It concludes that the policy rhetoric around personal budgets directly appropriates the language and ideas of the disabled people’s movement while promoting a wholly distinct agenda of public sector marketisation.     

居家养老服务供给对老年人养老满意度影响研究——基于8省市调查数据的分析

党的十八大以来,以习近平同志为核心的党中央高度重视老龄化和老年人生活,养老工作养老政策体系日益完备,居家养老服务体系初步建立。利用2019年"中国老龄化和养老工作调查"数据,从服务供给角度分析居家养老服务建设对老年人满意度的影响,居家养老服务总体上提高了我国老年人满意度水平,对环境满意度影响高于生活满意度;呈现较强增量效应,即服务项目数量越多,老年满意度越高;呈现异质性效应,健康护理类服务影响最大,精神文化类和权益保障类影响较大,生活辅助类没有显著正向影响。根据我国现阶段老年人年龄结构特征,养老服务要重视注重由"扶弱型"向"普及型"、从"补充型"向"提高型"转变,鼓励多元主体供给,更好满足老年人多层次需求,提高老年人多方面满意度。     

Where Does Location Affordability Drive Residential Mobility? An Analysis of Origin and Destination Communities

Abstract

Despite an overall decrease in residential mobility after the 2007 housing crisis, many households, particularly those that are low income, continue to move in pursuit of a better life. Traditional theories of residential mobility suggest that mobility will occur when housing and transportation costs are cumulatively greater than the cost of moving to a new location. At the same time, the influence of these factors is not likely to be uniform across geographic contexts or for moves up or down the metropolitan hierarchy. Our analysis examines how well affordability measures explain patterns of county-level residential mobility. Specifically, we contrast conventional measures of affordability focused on the ratio of income to housing expense with measures of location affordability that factor in both housing and transportation costs. We find that whereas households tend to move from lower to higher cost locations, transit affordability at the destination plays an important role in mobility decisions.