加强对消费环境问题的研究

消费环境是消费者在购买使用消费品或享受服务过程中必不可少的外在影响因素。理解消费环境的内涵、内容,改善消费环境,对刺激消费起着重要的推动作用。     

美国《病人保护和可负担医疗法》的主要内容及启示

美国《病人保护和可负担医疗法》围绕扩大保险覆盖面、强化公共项目、提升医疗质量和效率、提高项目透明和廉正度、加强医疗服务人力资源建设和合理化资金投入等对美国医疗体系进行了全面而深入的变革。美国＂低成本、全覆盖＂的医疗改革可以为中国提供有益借鉴。     

Woodcock v Cumbria Primary Care Trust: The Objective Justification Test for Age Discrimination

This note discusses the limits to the defence of objective justification when applied to direct age discrimination, specifically with regard to situations where the employer attempts to rely on cost‐saving as a legitimate aim. The author examines the jurisprudence of the Court of Justice of the European Union (formerly the European Court of Justice, ECJ) on which this case relies, and considers whether the defence has been interpreted too widely, opening up the possibility of cost‐saving as a defence to discrimination on the grounds of this particular protected characteristic. The note concludes that, while cost‐saving cannot be the sole justification for less favourable treatment by employers, it may nevertheless form part of an overall legitimate aim when coupled with additional factors.     

试论居民住宅小区技防设施的建设和管理

近几年来,新建居民住宅小区的技防设施建设取得了空前发展,科技含量较高的技防设施--电视监控系统、管理型对讲系统、周界报警和电子巡更系统以及居民家庭防盗报警网络逐渐淘汰了铁门、铁窗栅栏等传统物防设施.但是,迅速发展的住宅小区技防设施建设也给公安工作提出了如何加强监督管理的新课题.     

知识性资产评估师的注意义务

知识性资产评估师基于执业要求的专业性应承担专家注意义务。同时,由于不同知识性资产,如专利、商标以及专有技术的特点不同,知识性资产评估师接受具体评估业务时应尽的注意义务也不尽相同。当评估师违反注意义务时,其责任可以根据资产评估服务合同的约定或侵权法的规定承担。     

Foreword

No abstract available for this article.     

‘Social Investment’ or Back to ‘Familism’: The Impact of the Economic Crisis on Family and Care Policies in Italy and Spain

Family policies have traditionally been weak in Southern Europe. In the last two decades, however, and following a ‘catching up’ course, Spain has created new family programmes and expanded existing ones. Meanwhile, the picture for Italy during the years preceding the crisis is more of a ‘frozen landscape’. However, the diverging paths of the two countries in terms of policy reform in the years preceding the crisis do not place them in substantially different positions. The economic crisis and the austerity measures that followed have aggravated the weaknesses of family and care policies in both countries.     

Obtaining Differentiation Premiums in the Presence of Fee Regulation in the Residential Real Estate Appraisal Industry

In the context of the customary and reasonable pricing standard imposed by the Dodd–Frank Act, this article considers whether residential real estate appraisers are able to obtain differentiation premiums for their services. Regression models estimated using data from the Commonwealth of Virginia offer some evidence that professional certifications and the complexity of an appraisal task are positively associated with fee levels in this type of regulatory environment. However, differentiation premiums appear more difficult to obtain across geographies and when an appraisal is procured by an appraisal management company. The findings suggest appraisers can differentiate themselves from competitors, but also that policymakers should be mindful of the potential for commodification on the residential appraisal industry in select market settings. Since appraisals are a critical component of the mortgage underwriting process, and the majority of housing transactions utilize mortgage debt, developing new understanding of how policies influence appraisers and how the appraisal process makes an important contribution to the housing policy literature.     

Is the Care System Failing Children?

Public care is widely perceived to be failing children, and this belief is at the heart of government proposals set out in the Care Matters white paper. This article argues that on the contrary, research tends to find that children's welfare improves while they are in care. The reasons for the negative perception of care are considered and it is argued that care should be seen as a positive option for children in families experiencing severe difficulties and as a form of family support rather than an alternative option. This would move the United Kingdom toward a more European model for the place of care for children in difficult family situations, rather than an American model which focuses on minimizing the use of public care.     

非法侵入住宅罪保护法益探究——借鉴国外学说视角下的反思

非法侵入住宅罪作为对于公民住宅的侵犯的犯罪,在现实中,何种程度侵入住宅的行为在刑法上侵犯了什么样的刑法法益,是学者和司法判例一直争论不休的一个问题。在规范刑法学的视域下,在研究国外各种观点的基础上,对于非法侵入住宅罪的认定,应该将其保护法益认定为保护个人住宅的安宁,并且,在分析个案时,必须结合规范违反的判断。