论调解协议效力的司法审查

以调解解决纠纷是多元化纠纷解决机制的重点,调解协议的效力是有效解决纠纷的关键,对调解协议效力的司法审查则是诉调对接、多元化纠纷解决机制成功构建的关键一环。调解协议的司法确认包括赋予调解协议强制执行力和对调解协议变更、撤销及无效认定的正反两方面。调解制度的完善,必须规范调解协议的司法审查制度和相关程序。     

《康藏前锋》教育研究文献述评

20世纪30年代一批关注康区教育的学者针对当时康区教育情况在《康藏前锋》上集中发表了大量的研究性文章,这些珍贵的教育文献对于我们了解、研究康区教育具有重要的学术价值和史料价值。通过对《康藏前锋》教育文献的评介以冀为研究者进一步深入研究康区乃至民国史提供参考。     

出租车数量管制的行政法分析——以北京市出租车行业为例

北京市自1993年起对出租车进行数量管制,据相关文件以及特许方式的分析,数量管制的措施是不合法的,也不符合比例原则。然而,有关数量管制的不合法文件却未得到有效清理,且我国《行政诉讼法》将抽象行政行为排除于司法审查的范围之外,使得交管局在处理申请出租车经营许可时,其管制行为依然有"法"可依,即便该管制行为严重限制了公民的经济自由。鉴此,应该尽快制定和修改相关法律、法规,逐步放开数量管制,对出租车行业实行严格的资质准入,以实现出租车行业的发展。     

社会自组织管理的司法应对

以非政府组织为主体的社会自组织管理是社会管理的重要组成部分。司法介入社会自组织管理的根据是司法管辖权的国家保留,介入方式取决于该事项是否关涉公共职能,介入限度要在逻辑分析和经验分析基础之上进行目的识别、利益衡量和价值权衡。在可以预见的未来,中国仍将是一个以发展为内质的国家,科学发展、和谐稳定、社会全面建设的任务,与行政诉讼建立之初市场经济方兴未艾、经济发展任务艰巨的情况已然不同,司法需要超越传统经验和智识以继续建立它同现实社会的功能联系。     

Impact of Myocardial Infarction and Abnormalities of Cardiac Conduction System on Sudden Cardiac DeathCSCD

Sudden cardiac death (SCD), most commonly seen in coronary heart disease, is a kind of sudden death caused by series of cardiac parameters, which usually combines with myocardial infarction. However, some SCDs (including early myocardial infarction) happen suddenly and cause death in a very short time. In these circumstances, typical morphological changes are lack in macroscopic or microscopic fields, which make such SCDs become the emphasis and difficulty in the present research. SCD caused by myocardial infarction and abnormalities of cardiac conduction system (CCS) is related to atherosclerosis of coronary artery closely. This paper reviews cardiac dysfunction caused by myocardial infarction and diseases of CCS from morphology and molecular biology, and explores potential relationship between them. This paper aims to provide clues to the mechanism of myocardial infarction related sudden death and possible assistance for forensic diagnosis of SCD. © 2017 by the Editorial Department of Journal of Forensic Medicine.     

Normative challenges of identification in the Internet of Things: Privacy,profiling, discrimination,and the GDPR

In the Internet of Things (IoT), identification and access control technologies provide essential infrastructure to link data between a user's devices with unique identities, and provide seamless and linked up services. At the same time, profiling methods based on linked records can reveal unexpected details about users' identity and private life, which can conflict with privacy rights and lead to economic, social, and other forms of discriminatory treatment. A balance must be struck between identification and access control required for the IoT to function and user rights to privacy and identity. Striking this balance is not an easy task because of weaknesses in cybersecurity and anonymisation techniques. The EU General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), set to come into force in May 2018, may provide essential guidance to achieve a fair balance between the interests of IoT providers and users. Through a review of academic and policy literature, this paper maps the inherent tension between privacy and identifiability in the IoT. It focuses on four challenges: (1) profiling, inference, and discrimination; (2) control and context-sensitive sharing of identity; (3) consent and uncertainty; and (4) honesty, trust, and transparency. The paper will then examine the extent to which several standards defined in the GDPR will provide meaningful protection for privacy and control over identity for users of IoT. The paper concludes that in order to minimise the privacy impact of the conflicts between data protection principles and identification in the IoT, GDPR standards urgently require further specification and implementation into the design and deployment of IoT technologies.     

恩怨过后正常化——中越关系60年回顾与展望

2010年是中越建交60周年,在60年的发展历程中,两国人民曾并肩战斗、相互支援,结下了深厚的传统友谊。尽管中越间也曾有过风风雨雨,但那只是短暂的一段经历。自1991年11月中越关系正常化以来,双方在政治、经济、文教、科技等各个领域的交往与合作不断发展,相互信赖逐步增进,友好关系日益巩固和加强。本文主要阐述中越关系的背景、回顾60年的发展历程、总结两国关系的经验教训,分析影响两国关系的主要因素,对两国关系的发展进行展望。     

论我国行政复议改革的逻辑起点和现实路径

当前,我国行政纠纷进入高发期,完善作为解决行政纠纷之主渠道的行政复议,已经引起行政法学界和实务界的普遍关注。然而,囿于对行政复议的性质和功能难以形成共识,改革的争论往往局限在具体的技术层面。应当看到,行政复议作为一种纠纷裁判活动,本质上就是司法行为。行政复议的第一要务是裁决行政争议。立足于以上两个认识来看待我国正在推行的行政复议委员会试点,不得不承认仍要从规范层面解决改革的合法性基础问题。相应的,修订行政复议法无疑是行政复议制度变革的迫切课题和现实道路。     

Continuity of aggressive antisocial behavior from childhood to adulthood: The question of phenotype definition

Aiming to clarify the adult phenotype of antisocial personality disorder (ASPD), the empirical literature on its childhood background among the disruptive behaviour disorders, such as attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (AD/HD), oppositional defiant disorder (ODD), conduct disorder (CD), or hyperkinetic conduct disorder (HKCD), was reviewed according to the Robins and Guze criteria for nosological validity. At least half of hyperactive children develop ODD and about a third CD (i.e. AD/HD + CD or HKCD) before puberty. About half of children with this combined problem constellation develop antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) in adulthood. Family and adoption/twin studies indicate that AD/HD and CD share a high heritability and that, in addition, there may be specific environmental effects for criminal behaviours. “Zones of rarity” delineating the disorders from each other, or from the normal variation, have not been identified. Neurophysiology, brain imaging, neurochemistry, neurocognition, or molecular genetics have not provided “external validity” for any of the diagnostic categories used today. Deficient mental functions, such as inattention, poor executive functions, poor verbal learning, and impaired social interaction (empathy), seem to form unspecific susceptibility factors. As none of today's proposed syndromes (e.g. AD/HD or psychopathy) seems to describe a natural category, a dimensional behavioural phenotype reflecting aggressive antisocial behaviours assessed by numbers of behaviours, the severity of their consequences and how early is their age at onset, which will be closely related to childhood hyperactivity, would bring conceptual clarity, and may form the basis for further probing into mental, cognitive, biological and treatment-related co-varying features.     

合宪性审查的地方制度构图

法律法规之外的地方规范性文件是否可能直接违宪,以及其违宪问题由谁处置和如何处置的问题,构成了合宪性审查地方制度的核心关切。规范性文件备案审查体系是合宪性审查制度构成中最全面、最有效的制度实现载体。目前的地方立法对备案审查中合宪性标准的规定整体上呈现出一种谨慎的姿态。究其原因,国家立法对合宪性审查职责配置模糊、“违宪”责任观念上存在误区、合宪性审查地方实践需求不强等多重因素,严重抑制了针对地方规范性文件合宪性审查的地方立法。一直以来,理论界和实务界共筑的“地方人大宪法监督”学说却有力地支撑着合宪性审查地方工作的展开。合宪性审查的地方制度正是由以地方人大宪法监督为主导、同级“一府一委两院”自我纠错为补充的合宪性审查工作体系所构成。