Ownership of personal data in the Internet of Things

This article analyses, defines, and refines the concepts of ownership and personal data to explore their compatibility in the context of EU law. It critically examines the traditional dividing line between personal and non-personal data and argues for a strict conceptual separation of personal data from personal information. The article also considers whether, and to what extent, the concept of ownership can be applied to personal data in the context of the Internet of Things (IoT). This consideration is framed around two main approaches shaping all ownership theories: a bottom-up and top-down approach. Via these dual lenses, the article reviews existing debates relating to four elements supporting introduction of ownership of personal data, namely the elements of control, protection, valuation, and allocation of personal data. It then explores the explanatory advantages and disadvantages of the two approaches in relation to each of these elements as well as to ownership of personal data in IoT at large. Lastly, this article outlines a revised approach to ownership of personal data in IoT that may serve as a blueprint for future work in this area and inform regulatory and policy debates.     

Book Review: How Mediation Works: Theory,Research, and Practice by Stephen B. Goldberg,Jeanne M. Brett,Beatrice Blohorn‐Brenneur,With Nancy H. Rogers

This is a book review of How Mediation Works: Theory, Research, and Practice by Stephen B. Goldberg, Jeanne M. Brett, Beatrice Blohorn‐Brenneur, with Nancy H. Rogers. How Mediation Works is intended for a wide range of audiences: practicing mediators; aspiring mediators; those who may refer cases to mediation; participants in mediation, including parties and attorneys; managers who facilitate disputes; and those interested in mediation without a specific plan to engage in the practice (who the authors call “mediation learners”). The book is a well‐written, thoughtful, easy‐to‐read, organized, and concise overview of mediation practice. The book is divided into six chapters: (1) conflicts, disputes, and their resolution; (2) dispute resolution processes; (3) the roles of the mediator and the disputing parties at each step of the mediation process; (4) dealing with difficulties; (5) mediation and the law; and (6) suggestions for aspiring mediators. Though not an authority for family law mediation, the book provides many insightful observations and suggestions that would be instructive and helpful to any mediator or individual with an interest in mediation.     

Book reviews

Monetary and Financial Policies in Developing Countries: Growth and Stabilisation. By Akhtar Hossain and Anis Chowdhury. London: Routledge, 1996. Pp.x + 230. £40. ISBN 0 415 10870 5

Globalization in Question: The International Economy and the Possibilities of Governance. By Paul Hirst and Grahame Thompson. Cambridge: Polity Press, 1996. Pp.vi + 227. £45 and £12.95. ISBN 0 7456 1244 X and 1245 8

Aid and Political Conditionality. Edited by Olav Stokke (EADI Book Series 16). London: Frank Cass, 1995. Pp.xviii + 417.£35 and £19.50. ISBN 0 7146 4640 7 and 4162 6

Coping with Austerity: Poverty and Inequality in Latin America. Edited by Nora Lustig. Washington, DC: The Brookings Institution, 1995. Pp.xviii + 460. $39.95 and $18.50 ISBN 0 8157 5318 7 and 5317 9

Unshackling the Private Sector: A Latin American Story. By Paul Holden and Sarath Rajapatirana. Washington, DC: The World Bank, 1995. $10.95. ISBN 0 8213 3336 4

Debating Development Discourse. Edited by David Moore and Gerald Schmitz (Foreword by Colin Leys). London: Macmillan, 1995. £40. ISBN 0 312 12886 X

Lessons in Economic Policy for Eastern Europe from Latin America. Edited by Gary McMahon. London: Macmillan, 1996. Pp.xxii + 256. £40. ISBN 0 333 64270 8     

Book Reviews and Books Received

Author: MASKUS, KEITH; Intellectual Property Rights in the Global Economy; Reviewer: Donald G. Richards; Author: SVEDBERG, PETER; Poverty and Undernutrition: Theory, Measurement and Policy; Reviewer: Stephen Devereux; Editors: JALILAN, HOSSEIN, TRIBE, MICHAEL and WEISS, JOHN; Industrial Development and Policy in Africa: Issues of De-industrialisation and Development Strategy; Reviewer: Peter Lawrence; Editors: WISE, CAROL and ROETT, RIORDAN; Exchange Rate Politics in Latin America; Reviewer: Omar Sanchez; Author: THE WORLD BANK; India: Reducing Poverty, Accelerating Development; Reviewer: John Farrington     

Book reviews

Par le Peuple, Pour le Peuple: le populisme et les démocraties. By Yves Mény and Yves Surel. Paris: Editions Fayard 2000. Pp.312 + biblio. FF140 (paper) ISBN 2–213–60077–5.

I Confini dell'Odio: il nacionalismo etnico e la nuova destra europea. By Bruno Luvera’. Roma: Editori Riuniti, 1999. Pp.xiii + 151, index, biblio. 10 euros (paper) ISBN 88–359–4760‐X.

Il Dottor H.: Haider e la nuova destra europea. By Bruno Luvera’. Roma: Einaudi 2000. Pp.194 + biblio. 10 euros (paper), ISBN 88–06–15597–0.

A Virtuous Circle. Political Communications in Postindustrial Societies. By Pippa Norris. New York: Cambridge University Press 2000. Pp.xvii + 398, 54 tables, 38 figures, biblio, index. £40 (cloth) ISBN 0–521–79015–8; £14.95 (paper) ISBN 0–521–79364–5.

Democracy and the Media: A Comparative Perspective. Edited by R. Gunther and A. Mughan. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 2000. Pp.496. £55 (cloth) ISBN 0–521–77180–3; £19.95 (paper) ISBN 0–521–77743–7.

Coalition Governments in Western Europe. Edited by Wolfgang C. Müller and Kaare Str?m. Oxford: Oxford University Press 2000. Pp.xvi + 602, biblio, index. £55 (cloth) ISBN 0–19–829760–2.

The Political Mobilization of the European Left, 1860–1980: The Class Cleavage. By Stefano Bartolini. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press 2000. Pp.xxiv + 637, 100 tables, 41 figures, biblio, index. £45 (cloth) ISBN 0–521–65021–6.

Social Democracy and the Challenge of European Union. By Robert Ladrech. London: Lynne Rienner 2000. Pp.xiv + 165, biblio, index. £37.50 (cloth) ISBN 1–55587–902–0.

Europe in Change ‐ Committee Governance in the European Union. Edited by Thomas Christiansen and Emil Kirchner. Manchester: Manchester University Press 2000. Pp.199. £40 (cloth) ISBN 0–7190–5552–0.

Rethinking European Order: West European Responses, 1989–97. Edited by Robin Niblett and William Wallace. Basingstoke: Palgrave 2001. Pp.xiv + 298, 2 maps, index. £50 (cloth) ISBN 0–333–91571–2.

Franco‐German Relations. By Alistair Cole. Edinburgh: Pearson 2001. Pp.178, biblio, index. £14.99 (paper) ISBN 0–582–31997–8.

Environmental Transitions: Transformation and Ecological Defence in Central and Eastern Europe. Edited by P. Pavlínek and J. Pickles. London: Routledge 2000. Pp.xxii + 362, 22 plates, 39 figures, 19 maps, 56 tables, biblio, index. £70.26 (cloth) ISBN 0–415–16268–8; £22.99 (paper) ISBN 0–415–16269–6.

Ethnicity and Globalization. By Stephen Castles. London: Sage 2000. Pp.xii + 228, biblio, index. £47.50 (cloth) ISBN 0–7619–5611–5; £16.99 (paper) ISBN 0–7619–5612–3.

A Not‐So‐Dismal Science: A Broader View of Economies and Societies. Edited by M. Olson and S. Kakhonen. Oxford: Oxford University Press 2000. Pp.x + 274, biblio, index. £14.99 (paper) ISBN 0–19–829490–5.     

Finding the missing and unknown: Novel educational approaches to warming up cold cases

In recent years, students in police academies and higher education institutions around the world have worked together to analyse cold cases including long-term missing persons cases in collaboration with investigators and prosecutors. In 2020, three European organisations, the Police Expert Network on Missing Persons (PEN-MP), AMBER Alert Europe and Locate International, succeeded in connecting these educational organisations enabling them to work collectively on cases and conduct cold case analyses (CCA) across international borders. The International Cold Case Analysis Project (ICCAP) learning objectives were to 1) collect the necessary information about the victim, 2) reconstruct the crime, and 3) investigate trace control.In a learning objective-based evaluation using Computer-Assisted Web Interviewing, 76 participating students from the German and International ICCAP teams were asked to complete a pre- and post-review questionnaire to self-assess their personal competence development. Participants reported significant increases in competence in all evaluated areas, thus demonstrating that authentic and relevant collaborations can enrich the learning environment, promote the use of professional skills, and provide significant knowledge exchange opportunities between academia and industry.Drawing on case studies of cold case missing persons' investigations and unidentified found remains, this article shares how university academics, students and community volunteers can work together nationally and internationally to find out what has happened to missing people and how we can more effectively identify the previously unidentified. In so doing, we share the expertise required to progress these cold cases and provide recommendations to support other institutions and organisations in adopting this innovative approach.     

论对行政诉讼撤诉申请的审查

对行政诉讼撤诉申请予以司法审查是达致行政诉讼宗旨、塑造行政审判权威、保障诉讼程序公开公平、力避非正常撤诉现象的必然要求;一元化僵硬的撤诉申请审查规则,不具有司法实务可操作性,虚置了撤诉申请审查规则,代之以多元化灵活的审查规则是必要的;多元撤诉申请审查规则之建构应考量诸种因素,对实务中存在的种种申请撤诉情形认真分析、归纳总结,予以妥当设计。     

香港与内地仲裁裁决司法审查制度的借鉴和融合

通过对香港和内地在仲裁裁决司法审查范围、标准和技术方面的综合分析,本文认为两地在司法制度、法治发展和仲裁理念上的较大差异导致了两地在对待仲裁裁决司法审查上之截然不同。重要的是,香港法院对仲裁的支持态度及其具体审查操作的先进经验,可为内地在这一领域的改革提供重要指引。《香港与内地关于相互执行仲裁裁决的安排》实施近十年来,已逐渐出现两地仲裁界和司法界在审查制度面向上的趋同。惠于"一国两制"和"更密切经贸关系"的大背景,相信两地间商事仲裁的融合会更加蓬勃发展,为中国跨境商事活动提供更好的争端解决服务。     

公民知情权的实现——以公众参与为视角

<政府信息公开条例>的颁布实施为建构阳光政府带来了希望.为避免这种希望不被现实中"封闭"的具体行政和"短腿"的司法实践笼罩于阴霾之中,为从根本上使公民知情权的实现得以有效保障,应对域内外知情权和信息公开制度的演进变迁历程进行比较分析,就消除法院顾虑以有效制衡行政权力的有效路径进行实证探寻,对公共治理模式中的公众参与加以积极推进.只有如此,才能最终使公民的知情权不至于沦为可望不可及的"海市蜃楼".