越南农业农村发展银行之边贸结算业务发展研究

中越边贸经济交流历史悠久,两国边境居民服务与商品交流频繁,为了满足边境货品买卖及交易活动的结算需求,“货币市场”也随之自发形成。本文分析了越南农业农村发展银行之发展现状、中越边贸发展与结算业务状况,对越南农业农村发展银行边贸结算服务进行了综合评价,并提出了完善发展其边贸结算服务的措施。     

复合治理:地方脱贫进路的一个理论解释——基于153个脱贫摘帽县的扎根研究

准确诠释精准脱贫战略实践以来的地方治理经验是一项亟待推进的研究议题。论文以153个脱贫摘帽县作为分析样本,基于扎根方法提炼“复合治理”分析性概念诠释地方脱贫经验。“复合”属性表明地方减贫过程受到多重机制共同作用而形塑出复杂叠加的治理样态,具体表现为:(1)中央政府建构“刚性时间约束”要件,为地方政府“复合治理”提供外在驱动力;(2)贫困县党委、政府调用“党政统合”形式凸显任务首位、塑造体制联动效应,它是“复合治理”的组织轴心;(3)“复合治理”实践运作依托于横向维度“利益整合”与纵向维度“政治关联”,前者表征政府与市场主体建构治理共识以形成长效治理机制,后者表征地方政府将外生性政治权威嵌入村庄场域提升治理合力。“复合治理”为精准脱贫实践提供了一个理论视角,后续研究应强化对2020年后相对贫困治理实践的实证解读。     

黄河流域宁夏段传统农耕文化遗产的保护与开发利用

地处黄河中上游的宁夏,依黄河而生,因黄河而兴。在千百年的农业劳动实践中,宁夏各族群众依黄河之利,创立了包括工程类、特产类、物种类、聚落类和民俗类等在内的各项传统农耕文化遗产。这些传统农耕文化遗产在有效节约水土资源、维护生物多样性、保障粮食安全、改良土壤环境、修复生态环境和塑造乡风文明、推进农村社会治理等方面发挥了重要作用,体现了独特的动态保护思想和农业可持续发展理念。     

农村基层社会治理创新路径探析——以崇州农业功能区居站分离为例

居站分离是我国社区管理体制改革的重要尝试。崇州市农村居站分离体制改革在改革背景、机构设置、试点区域、服务内容、服务群体、服务半径等层面呈现出不同于其他地区的六大特点,助推农村社区治理实现行政简化、有效自治、服务升级三大转变。深化居站分离改革必须在充分遵循三大原则的基础上,进一步汇聚思想共识、聚焦需求导向、突出能力建设、引导职能归位、注重宣传推广。     

乡村生态振兴及其法治保障

乡村生态振兴是实现乡村天更蓝、水更绿、生态宜居的顶层设计,其法律内涵包括改善乡村人居环境,保护和改善乡村生态环境,推进绿色产业、绿色农业、绿色旅游发展三方面内容;其核心是平衡多元价值。乡村生态振兴面临多重现实困境,主要表现为污染源头多样、治理难度大,制度供给乏力以及治理方式单一。乡村生态振兴法治保障可从三个方面展开:首先,以国家立法为基础,突出地方环境立法的补强功能,形成完善的农村生态环境保护法律规范体系;其次,推动政府主导的单轨环境治理机制向多元主体参与的双向互动治理机制转变;再次,发挥法治与德治在乡村生态振兴中的规范作用。     

中国百年乡村建设的历史沿革与有效性初探

本文从社会结构、建设主体、建设资源、乡村文化四个维度,提出了一个乡村建设的尝试性分析框架。通过梳理我国百年乡村建设的历史沿革及其主要特征,进而从乡村社会秩序的稳定性、基本公共服务供需平衡性、行政管理事项强度、乡村经济社会发展程度四个方面,对比分析了不同历史时期乡村建设的有效性。研究发现,新中国的成立是百年乡村建设的分水岭,乡村建设取得历史性成就的关键在于中国共产党的领导;改革开放和农业税费改革是新中国成立70多年乡村建设的两次转折点,为乡村建设带来的机遇与挑战并存;在新发展阶段,乡村振兴更需要在国家资源、权力下沉与乡村社会的自主治理之间寻求适当平衡。     

试析我国乡村共同体化的条件

共同体是人们彼此平等,相互关爱,和谐温馨的生活形态。马克思在划分共同体类型及揭示人类历史演进规律中确认共同体可人为并为其构建开出了药方。中国乡村共同体化操作性的现实道路须以公民社会的培育和公共精神的培养为条件,自觉将人类社会发展的抽象规律与中国的特殊实践和具体国情相结合。     

Aspects of local government and politics in china: 1955–58

This study, based on work in six villages, seeks insights into the likely effect of the introduction of prospective land‐, water‐, and crop‐management technologies, being researched at the International Crops Research Institute for the Semi‐Arid Tropics, on the existing village labour‐use patterns in one major relevant region: peninsular India. Explicit attention is given to the similarities and differences between small and large farms and their relevance to the adoption of the prospective new technologies.

Regional variation in labour utilisation reveals a tremendous employment‐creating potential in the existing tank and well irrigation systems in the Alfisols of peninsular India. The prospective technologies should increase employment, compared with existing technologies, by at least 100 per cent in the Alfisols and by over 300per cent in the deep Vertisols— but with some increase in the seasonal variability of labour demand. Given the existing availability of labour, there will be, with the improved watershed technologies, major farm labour bottlenecks. These should eventually generate increased wage rates and employment potentials. However, even temporary adverse effects on the timelessness of operations could be critical to the success of a double‐cropping and/or intercropping technology aiming at greatly increased yields. This would create demands for selective mechanisation, for example, of threshing.     

将农民工纳入城市公共文化服务体系:短板与举措

城市公共文化服务农民工存在重视程度不够,保障不力,文化供给比较简单,法律法规不健全,管理及运行机制不完善等不足。为此,应从把保障农民工基本文化权益纳入当地政府的基本职责,将农民工纳入城市公共文化服务体系。     

Lost in Translation: Doing (And Not Doing) Ethnographic Research in Village India

This paper is a reflection on the difficulties of conducting criminological research in rural India. It tells the story of two periods of ethnographic fieldwork (1999 and 2002) conducted in one North Indian village (pseudonym: Nagaria). This article is written in the ‘tales from the field’ narrative tradition, relying primarily on my own fieldwork experience and later reflections, and intentionally making little reference to the methodological literature. Much of the paper - particularly the fieldwork extracts - is written in the ‘ethnographic present’. A dramaturgical approach is adopted (Goffman 1959), with a focus on the ways in which social interaction may be understood as performance. Theatrical terminology is used to underscore the ways in which field relationships may be stage managed. Contrary to conventional notions of the power of the researcher, in this tale from the field it becomes clear that the superior acting skills of gatekeepers and key informants led to the upstaging of this ethnographer.