概率性证据研究中的认识悖论

在南昌大学原校长周文斌受贿案中，其机械使用概率论解释质疑控方证据的做法，存在严重错误，由此引发了关于概率证据理论的一些思考。虽然英美证据理论研究中，占统治地位的对证据和证明过程的描述是概率性的，但艾伦教授认为数学世界与人类事务世界之间可能并不相似。在进入大数据时代的今天，司法实践对于精确性和可操作性的需求，由量化带来的对证明责任和当事人主张的清晰表达，以及对证明过程提供的规范性指引，都刺激了大量的试图使用概率性理论解释审判过程的某个方面的论证尝试。然而，在概率性语言试图描述证据及证明活动时，检察官及辩护律师谬论、结合悖论、相关性悖论等认识错误的出现却带来了对事实认定活动与概率理论之间矛盾冲突的反思，或者说并非是对概率性理论的批判，而是对法学理论家们就概率性理论的特定使用的批判。     

Can an incompatibilist outfox a compatibilist hedgehog?

This article raises some incompatibilist challenges for, and queries some of the implications of, Ronald Dworkin’s arguments in his Justice for Hedgehogs (2011), that responsibility is compatible with both determinism and epiphenomenalism.     

试论公共权力的异化及对策

本文从公共权力异化的两种现象——公共悖论和权力腐败出发,分析了公共权力在行使过程中之所以会产生异化,其原因主要有二:一是人的因素,二是制度的因素。公共权力的异化在很大程度上降低了公众对公共管理的满意程度,动摇了公共权力合法性的基础。因此,文章结合我国现实,提出了一系列制约公共权力异化的对策。     

侦查悖论探析

悖论有严格与泛化之区别,按照此种区分侦查中程序正义与实体正义、侦查程序与保障人权、侦查的强制性与任意侦查等属于泛化的悖论。鉴于悖论的可消解性,在侦查过程中应当严守正当程序原则,争取以最小的权利侵害实现社会持续健康的发展,将侦查区分为令状侦查、无令状侦查和令状例外侦查,以实现悖论消解,使得侦查发展的道路更加明朗。     

“杨佳的说法”与杀人逻辑的权利悖论

杨佳的个人尊严维护中"讨说法"与其恶意杀人之间存在着社会价值观念异常即轻视生命权利的社会氛围支持。在弱个体仇视某一职业强群体的社会学视野中,仇警文化是一种社会价值观念个体异常向群体异常演进的表现。而在法律经济学视野,1个人"讨"的所谓说法,等于要6个人生命的死亡、5个人身体的受伤,而竟然会有那么多网友叫好,则是一种忽视生命权利,在生命权与人格尊严之间,价值选择的错位。至于法律文化学领域,人权的核心是生命权,人存在的本源意义当中,生命权应当高于人的尊严,杨佳为了所谓的个人尊严而可以乱杀人的逻辑,是非常荒谬的。     

“The Mother of Reason and Revelation”: Benjamin on the Metaphysics of Language

This paper is a reconstruction of Walter Benjamin's philosophy of language, especially as it expressed in 1916's “On Language as Such and the Language of Man”. I read Benjamin's theory as a contribution to what Charles Taylor has called the “expressivist” tradition that includes eighteenth century thinkers like J.G. Herder and J.G. Hamann. Hamann's work and his interpretation of the theological concept of condescension are of particular importance. Although Benjamin's views are often regarded as impenetrable or mystical, they are relevant to and, in part, motivated by concerns of more mainstream twentieth century philosophy of language, in particular Russell's paradox. His “metaphysics of language” understands reference or designation, central to analytic theories of meaning, as derived from a more fundamental, aesthetic meaning.     

司法的悖论——司法的民主化与司法的精英化之矛盾探究

针对当前中国学者围绕中国司法制度改革中所面临的一对主要矛盾,即司法的民主化与司法的精英化之矛盾所展开的争论进行探讨,试图以内在的视角考察西方司法制度的历史,揭示作为司法手段的司法的精英化与司法的民主化之间存在的张力,进而阐明西方人是如何运用自己的智慧协调二者之间的关系寻求二者之间的和谐并使之共同服务于司法的目的,即公正裁判维护社会正义.而对于中国目前的司法改革来说应当如何处理二者之间的关系,在弄清司法之目的基础上应当以内在的视角考察中国当下的司法传统,在此基础之上,寻找作为人类共识的思维方式之中的共性.     

Interrogating sub-Saharan Africa's high economic growth rate and low poverty reduction rate: A poverty paradox?

Sub-Saharan Africa's (SSA) high economic growth coincides with an increase in the level of poverty. In a panel of 40 SSA countries over a 30-year period, while accounting for the potential spillover effect of poverty in the region. The study found that economic growth recorded over the years has not translated to poverty reduction, particularly, in resource-rich economies of SSA. The result also shows that income inequality worsens the effect of economic growth on poverty and that the poverty-reducing effectiveness of growth varies considerably across sectors, across space, and over time. The research findings suggest that governments across the region, particularly, in oil-exporting countries in SSA must diversify the economy away from oil (toward the service sector) to reduce poverty in the region.     

Mind The Gap

The governance phenomenon brings law back to its very ‘origin’, namely, law-making (‘Recht-Fertigung’), and reveals that law is not anchored to a specific ‘polis’ or to Hobbesian statehood, but is able to pursue different forms of ‘the common’ as long as its paradox function is fulfilled. Law recognises and develops normative standards for the creation of social structures while also leading a continuous battle against any restrictions to democracy, common wealth and justice connected to these structures. Law here acts ‘politically’ and in affinity to social movements that struggle against any form of social ‘immunisation’. This article analyses the conditions of this affinity and its consequences for the concept of ‘justice’.

Philosophy of Law Against Sovereignty: New Excesses,Old Fragmentations

The only way of entering the world of ‘fragmented law’ (or ‘societal constitutionalism’) is arguably to make normative fragmentation correspond with constituent excess. As Foucault would say, once we are involved in an ‘epistemic crisis’, we must then modify those systems that organise knowledge in conjunction with the very forms that produce it. This contribution considers some privileged forms of critique and reconstruction beyond normative fragmentation and essentially argues in favour of governance dynamics, as well as for ontological devices engaged in the production of subjectivity.