Credible commitment without independent regulatory agent: Evidence from the Security Council's United Nations Compensation Commission

Credible commitment problems arise whenever decisions made according to short‐term incentives undermine long‐term policy goals. While political actors can credibly commit themselves to their long‐term policy goals by delegating decisions to independent regulatory agencies, the member states of international institutions rarely sacrifice control over regulatory decisions. Against the backdrop of the United Nations Compensation Commission established by the Security Council to settle claims on damage from the Iraqi occupation of Kuwait, we present an institutional arrangement that promises to credibly commit member states to their previously defined interests without excluding them from the decision process. It separates the stages of rulemaking and rule application, and is reinforced by conditional agenda‐setting of an advisory body. We probe the theoretical claim with evidence from a unique data set that shows that the Commission settled compensation claims in a remarkably consistent way. The arrangement provides a blueprint for comparable regulatory tasks in many areas of international, European, or domestic politics, in which independent regulation is not feasible.     

Introduction: Second-Generation Security Sector Reform

Security sector reform (SSR) has become a commonly used tool for international approaches to insecure countries. Despite its frequent deployment as a key element of statebuilding, SSR suffers from both a lack of a conceptual hinterland and also lack of strong evidence of success. This special collection of papers explores these ideas, starting from an assumption that there are serious issues with SSR in practice. SSR, alongside many other facets of international aid programming, has suffered from an excess of technocentric and managerial approaches, with politics relegated to the sidelines. These articles outline what this means in practice and what a second generation of SSR could look like: an approach based on process and politics rather than linear managerialism.     

Building peace through education

ABSTRACT

Can we pave the way to world peace through education of the next generation? This paper focuses on how teaching social and emotional learning (SEL) skills in schools could promote the positive development of children and youth so that they can choose prosocial, nonviolent ways of building relationships with others. First, research on how belonging and fairness develop early in life is briefly reviewed. Then the authors introduce SEL and the research supporting its impact, and explain how it can be supported through various strategies in the classroom, including programs, teacher–student relationships, cooperative learning, approaches to discipline, and solving problems and dealing with conflict peacefully. Building peace by promoting social and emotional development through education offers hope for future generations.     

保安人员在执行勤务中出现伤亡现象的成因

当前,保安人员在执行勤务中遭受伤害甚至牺牲的现象时有发生,成为制约保安服务业持续发展的突出问题。应当分析其中的深层次原因,发现问题,以便制定相应对策、减少保安人员伤亡、保障保安服务业的顺利发展。     

信息构建与公安信息管理

信息构建有利于更好地规范公安信息管理,把复杂的信息变得明晰,帮助公安民警有效地实现其信息需求。运用信息构建思想,可从信息资源框架、信息技术框架和业务流程框架三个方面构建公安信息框架。     

美国东南亚安全政策的主要影响因素分析

美国东南亚安全政策的制定与确立是多种因素综合作用的结果,其中美国在东南亚的根本利益和战略需求是政策的基本出发点和主要依据,中国因素和东盟因素可以说是最重要的参数之一.三者在政策制定过程中的作用具有决定性的意义.     

从判决释理谈我国民事替代性纠纷解决机制的重构

ADR强调通过当事人合意解决纠纷,而司法程序通过强制性权威解决纠纷。由于私法领域中纠纷当事人具备法律上地位的平等性和处分权．强调通过合意而解决纠纷并进而促进当事人自治的ADR在法理上和实践中都得到了广泛支持。以此为鉴,重构我国民事替代性纠纷解决机制势在必行。     

“伊斯兰国”:“准主权”与地区安全

自威斯特伐利亚体系以来,主权共识支持下的民族国家体系取代了历史上的神权干预,宗教因素自此被排除在现代国家交往的主流议程之外。"伊斯兰国"试图建立伊斯兰国家"哈里发国"是极端伊斯兰化的尝试,在主权认知上颠覆了国际政治传统。"伊斯兰国"的主权观以真主主权为核心特质,但又有别于以往"政教合一"的政权理解模式,即虽使用伊斯兰教的话语体系,但以武力和恐怖主义为实现手段,追求消除现有国家边界、创建"乌玛"乌托邦式的权力未来。"伊斯兰国"目前的状态更接近雏形国家,其对地区和国际安全的主要威胁表现在三个方面:边界粘连共生,而在实体疆域层面冲击周边国家的领土安全;通过网络技术平台增强其道德和政治影响力;以极端主义为意识形态侵蚀了温和伊斯兰的宗教权威。国际社会目前的主要应对措施集中于从突破疆域桎梏的空袭结合地面攻击以制约当地极端主义。鉴于之前的威胁分析,外部世界值得强化和补充的应对措施包括主导防御性的网络安全战争、帮助该地区重塑符合现代政治标准的世俗权威和提升温和教派领袖的宗教地位,实现有效的合作反恐。     

The EU's Role in the Fight Against Racism and Xenophobia: Evaluation and Prospects After Amsterdam and Tampere

The Treaty of Amsterdam has strengthened thepossibility of the European Union (EU) adoptingmeasures in the fight against racism and xenophobia.These can be based both on the extendednon-discrimination clause of Article 13 TEC and newArticle 29 TEU relating to common action in thecontext of the area of freedom security and justice.So far EU action has concentrated on public awarenessmeasures, increasing the exchange and the analysis ofinformation on racism and xenophobia, and improvingjudicial cooperation and cross-border training in thisarea. The scope of EU action continues to be limited,however, because of the absence of a `mainstreamingclause', very limited funding and structural deficitsin the decision-making system. Both the new AmsterdamTreaty provisions and the renewed emphasis placed onthe fight against racism and xenophobia by the TampereEuropean Council of October 1999 should be used forextending the EU's role in this area which is ofcrucial importance to its credibility as a politicalcommunity.     

建立现代公安统计工作规范之初探

公安统计手段现代化必须建设好高速度的通讯网络系统、高效率的软件运作系统和高素质的人才资源系统。统计指标科学化,从宏观上看,要实现模块化;从微观上看,要注重科学实用。统计行为规范化包括必须规范基层统计工作填报制度、规范统计工作管理体制、规范统计工作监督制约机制。