物权法体系构造之若干问题探讨

本文从民法体系构造方法的检讨入手,指出了目前理论界在方法论上存在的问题。以此为基础,文章分析了物权法在民法典中的地位,并以对物权为上位概念构建了物权、准物权和无形财产权三位一体的逻辑体系。最后,作者借功能性构造方法,就用益物权的类型体系作了示例性的建构。     

建立经营性国有资产代表人制度

在公司制作为国有企业理想的制度模式选定之后 ,建立独立的国有资产代表人制度 ,已成为决定公司规范运作和国企改革是否成功的重要环节。应以代表理论为依据 ,通过对国家与企业经营者之间的代表关系进行法理探析 ,建立国有资产代表人制度的理论模型 ,并对国有资产代表人的梯次结构和授权环节进行分析和设计 ,建立和加强国有资产代表人的监督制度。     

Violence,fear, and development in Latin America: a critical overview

This introduction presents the core concepts that shape this special issue on the impact of violence and the processes of development in Central and South America. The understanding of development is considered in terms broader than the economic context alone, in order to assess wider social and political aspects. With a similarly expansive scope, forms of violence are addressed that range from direct physical harm and bodily attack to the often more subtle aggression of racialised abuse or the pressures on community-centred production from dominant market forces. In these contexts, violence, economic initiatives, and political allegiances form unintended and often dangerous networks of consequence for development matters. All the articles in this volume exemplify further the spatial environments of violence and diverse ‘landscapes of fear’ that shape our existence and help to define our actions, territories, and understanding of what happens around us.     

Globalisation

The term ‘globalisation’ is widely used to describe a variety of economic, cultural, social, and political changes that have shaped the world over the past 50-odd years. Because it is a complex and multifaceted phenomenon, globalisation has been credited with a wide range of powers and effects. Its proponents claim that it is both ‘natural’ and an inevitable outcome of technological progress, and creates positive economic and political convergences. Critics argue that globalisation is hegemonic and antagonistic to local and national economies. This article argues that globalisation is a form of capitalist expansion that entails the integration of local and national economies into a global, unregulated market economy. Although economic in its structure, globalisation is equally a political phenomenon, shaped by negotiations and interactions between institutions of transnational capital, nation states, and international institutions. Its main driving forces are institutions of global capitalism – especially transnational corporations – but it also needs the firm hand of states to create enabling environments for it to take root. Globalisation is always accompanied by liberal democracy, which facilitates the establishment of a neo-liberal state and policies that permit globalisation to flourish. The article discusses the relationship between globalisation and development and points out that some of the most common assumptions promoted by its proponents are contradictory to the reality of globalisation; and that globalisation is resisted by more than half of the globe's population because it is not capable of delivering on its promises of economic well being and progress for all.     

Citizenship: a perverse confluence

This article discusses the different meanings that citizenship has assumed in Latin America in the past few decades. Its main argument is that, in the perverse confluence between neo-liberal and democratic participatory projects, the common reference to citizenship, used by different political actors, projects an apparent homogeneity, obscuring differences and diluting the conflict between those projects.     

From the right to development to the rights-based approach: how ‘human rights’ entered development

This article offers an intellectual genealogy of how the concept of human rights has entered the development discourse—from the formulation of a ‘right to development’ to the rhetorical incorporation of rights within prevailing discourse, to the articulation of a ‘rights-based approach’ to development. It concludes with some propositions about the important role that a focus on rights might play in the practice of international development.     

创设利益制度是社会和谐的法治基础——和谐社会利益关系问题的法学思考

利益矛盾和冲突不仅是社会转型期国家的显著特征,同时,也是形成不受以往制度约束的和谐环境的重要前提。本文以分析和谐社会利益制度的法律根源作为出发点,在此基础上从利益博弈的机理层面上探寻利益制度形成的逻辑起点和实体条件,以及政府如何在利益群体博弈过程中作出创新性的实验安排,进而为在我国社会转型过程中,形成社会和谐与经济发展的基础性力量,以及进一步提高政府执政合法性的问题提供必要的实践依据和理论支持。     

个人信息保护法制管窥

现代意义的隐私权乃是一种“个人信息控制权”,因此有必要对收集、利用、保存、传播他人信息的行为全面进行规范,许多国家先后制定了个人信息保护法。在立法模式上,根据是否以一部法律对公共部门和非公共部门的个人信息处理行为进行规范,分为总括和分离两种模式。在立法内容上,“OECD劝告”曾确立个人信息保护的八项原则,同时个人信息主体的权利可具体化为五项权利。另外,对特定行业制定特别规定是普遍采取的做法。     

方法论变迁视野中的动态利益集团形成理论

集团理论的重大发展和方法论的突破密切相关。多元主义理论深受行为主义的影响,认为社会结构的变迁促使具有共同利益的群体志愿组建利益集团。而集体行动理论采用理性分析的方法,认为人们在组建利益集团的集体行动过程中将遭遇"志愿失灵"。在多元主义和集体行动理论争论的基础上,动态利益集团形成理论开始关注社会稳定对集团政治的多重影响。     

公司合并与职工权益保护

公司合并时应注意保护职工的合法权益。被合并公司职工的原劳动合同应由合并后的公司承继 ,合并公司在合并完成后不能随意解雇被合并公司的职工 ,应遵守拟制解雇和整理解雇法理。我国现行立法在保护合并时的职工权益方面尚有许多缺陷 ,亟须在今后的立法和实践中加以修正。